Frog, Bat, and Dung Beetle Diversity in the Cloud Forest and Coffee Agroecosystems of Veracruz, Mexico

Abstract:  We compared the species diversity of copronecrophagous beetles (Scarabaeinae) , bats, and frogs in tropical montane cloud forest (original vegetation) and shaded coffee plantations (an agroecosystem common to the region) for a landscape in central Veracruz, Mexico. We sampled in three tropical montane cloud forest fragments and in three coffee plantations with traditional polyculture shade between 1998 and 2001. The three indicator groups responded differently to the transformation of tropical montane cloud forest into shaded coffee plantations. The species richness of frogs was one-fifth less in coffee plantations than in forest fragments, and only one-third of the frog species occurred in both forest fragments and coffee plantations. The number of beetle species and their abundance was significantly greater in coffee plantations than in the forest fragments, whereas species richness and species composition of bats were virtually the same in both habitats. The majority of the abundant species remained as such in both communities, but species that were less abundant were not scarce in both habitats. We attributed differences in the species assemblages to the differing degrees of penetrability of the borders of the two habitat types (especially for the coffee plantations) and to the differences in life-history traits among species. Shaded coffee plantations form a matrix that envelops the remaining fragments of cloud forest. Together they connect the forest fragments with the other habitats of the landscape and represent a highly functional resource for the preservation of biodiversity that serves as a complement to but not a substitute for cloud forest in this notably modified landscape.     

城市人居环境评价体系的研究及应用

在国内外人居环境理论研究及实践的基础上,提出了由系统层、子系统层和指标层构成的城市人居环境评价指标体系,其中系统层由社会经济环境、自然生态环境、公共设施建设、环境资源保护和环境管理能力五部分组成,子系统层由16个指标组成,指标层由43个具体指标组成。利用统计分析法(Delphi)确定各指标的权值。同时,针对本指标体系结构提出了单项评价和综合评价相结合的评价模式,并设置了城市人居环境质量指数和系统协调度两个综合性指标来全面评价城市人居环境质量。通过对重庆市渝北城区的综合评价,评价结果较客观地反映了该城区的实际。     

对建立我国可持续发展指标的一点思考

传统的发展指标体系（如ＧＮＰ）存在着忽视环境的问题，导致经济与环境不能协调发展，因此建立一个能评价与测度可持续发展的指标体系显得尤为重要。本文探讨了建立可持续发展指标体系的几种方法，并分析了各个方法的优点与缺点。针对我国实际，我们认为建立可持续发展指标体系是一个多层次动态规划过程，应基于在关键自然实物量核算的基础上，从物理性指标向货币性指标过渡，将无量纲方法与有量纲方法结合运用。     

2013—2017年《自然资源学报》办刊进展

论文基于2013—2017年中国科学技术信息研究所发布的《中国科技期刊引证报告（核心版）》和《中国科技期刊引证报告（扩刊版）》,《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》电子杂志社有限公司、中国科学文献计量评价研究中心和清华大学图书馆联合发布的《中国学术期刊影响因子年报》以及中国科学院文献情报中心的中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）中统计的《自然资源学报》的总被引频次、影响因子等相关引证指标,分析了近5年来《自然资源学报》一些重要引证指标的变化;同时梳理了《自然资源学报》近5年来被数据库收录情况、获奖情况以及发表的学术论文获奖和被媒体报道、转载情况,总结了2013—2017年间《自然资源学报》的办刊进展。结果表明：1）《自然资源学报》2016年核心影响因子、扩展影响因子和复合影响因子分别达到1.912、2.565、3.250,近5年来的增长率分别达到47.0%、46.4%、33.8%,在资源科学期刊领域排名稳居前列;2）《自然资源学报》已被国内重要数据库和检索系统全部收录,并在2016年被收录在EBSCO最新研发的数据库Academic Search Ultimate;3）2013—2017年间,《自然资源学报》共获得了15项学术期刊领域奖项,2013—2017年连续获得中国科协精品科技期刊工程项目支持,并于2014、2015年获得中国科学院科学出版三等基金资助;4）2013—2017年间,《自然资源学报》共有65篇论文入选中国精品科技期刊顶尖学术论文,多篇论文被媒体报道和转载。通过对2013—2017年《自然资源学报》发展状况的分析,为期刊未来的发展提供科学依据,为我国资源科学期刊质量的提升提供参考。     

Observation and analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in a typical petrochemical area in Yangtze River Delta, China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a kind of important precursors for ozone photochemical formation. In this study, VOCs were measured from November 5th, 2013 to January 6th, 2014 at the Second Jinshan Industrial Area, Shanghai, China. The results showed that the measured VOCs were dominated by alkanes (41.8%), followed by aromatics (20.1%), alkenes (17.9%), and halo-hydrocarbons (12.5%). The daily trend of the VOC concentration showed a bimodal feature due to the rush-hour traffic in the morning and at nightfall. Based on the VOC concentration, a receptor model of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) coupled with the information related to VOC sources was applied to identify the major VOC emissions. The result showed five major VOC sources: solvent use and industrial processes were responsible for about 30% of the ambient VOCs, followed by rubber chemical industrial emissions (23%), refinery and petrochemical industrial emissions (21%), fuel evaporations (13%) and vehicular emissions (13%). The contribution of generalized industrial emissions was about 74% and significantly higher than that made by vehicle exhaust. Using a propylene-equivalent method, alkenes displayed the highest concentration, followed by aromatics and alkanes. Based on a maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method, the average hourly ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs is 220.49?ppbv. The most significant source for ozone chemical formation was identified to be rubber chemical industrial emissions, following one by vehicular emission. The data shown herein may provide useful information to develop effective VOC pollution control strategies in industrialized area.     

Insights into the formation of secondary organic carbon in the summertime in urban Shanghai

To investigate formation mechanisms of secondary organic carbon(SOC) in Eastern China,measurements were conducted in an urban site in Shanghai in the summer of 2015. A period of high O_3 concentrations(daily peak 120 ppb) was observed, during which daily maximum SOC concentrations exceeding 9.0 μg/(C·m~3). Diurnal variations of SOC concentration and SOC/organic carbon(OC) ratio exhibited both daytime and nighttime peaks. The SOC concentrations correlated well with O_x(= O_3+ NO_2) and relative humidity in the daytime and nighttime, respectively, suggesting that secondary organic aerosol formation in Shanghai is driven by both photochemical production and aqueous phase reactions. Single particle mass spectrometry was used to examine the formation pathways of SOC. Along with the daytime increase of SOC, the number fraction of elemental carbon(EC) particles coated with OC quickly increased from 38.1% to 61.9% in the size range of 250–2000 nm, which was likely due to gas-to-particle partitioning of photochemically generated semi-volatile organic compounds onto EC particles. In the nighttime, particles rich in OC components were highly hygroscopic, and number fraction of these particles correlated well with relative humidity and SOC/OC nocturnal peaks. Meanwhile, as an aqueous-phase SOC tracer, particles that contained oxalate-Fe(III) complex also peaked at night. These observations suggested that aqueous-phase processes had an important contribution to the SOC nighttime formation. The influence of aerosol acidity on SOC formation was studied by both bulk and single particle level measurements, suggesting that the aqueous-phase formation of SOC was enhanced by particle acidity.     

基于时空指示克里格的PM2.5不确定性分布

以山东省2014年PM_2.5浓度监测数据为对象,利用时空指示克里格理论和方法,实现对PM_2.5时空分布的不确定性分析.结果表明,山东省境内PM_2.5的空间自相关范围大于100km,时间自相关范围为3d左右.此外,山东省境内各空间位置全年空气质量以大于0.8的概率达到空气质量"优"级别的时空占比为7%,以大于0.8的概率达到轻度污染级别的时空占比为34%,以大于0.8的概率超过严重污染级别的时空占比为1%;东部沿海地域空气质量达到轻度污染的概率明显高于中西部,夏季空气质量也明显优于其它季节.     

博尔塔拉蒙古自治州近20年土地生态安全评价与趋势分析

土地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,但在快速城市化的背景下,区域、国家和全球尺度上的土地生态系统发生退化现象,因此为保障土地生态系统的可持续发展,有必要对当前土地生态安全进行评价。选用压力-状态-响应-自然-社会-经济(PSR-NSE)评价指标体系,利用熵权法对指标重要性进行排序,建立了博州土地生态安全突变评价模型。结果表明:1)博州的土地生态安全等级自1994年的0.83(Ⅴ)持续改善至2012年的0.98(Ⅱ);2)博州是西北干旱生态脆弱区,仅通过人为调节并不能保证区域土地生态安全,应着手区域的均衡发展和区域生态保障措施的实施;3)基于突变级数法构建突变模型,分析了系统潜在的突变特性和土地生态安全的发展趋势,表明博州近20年土地生态安全水平虽呈逐年上升趋势,但整体水平不高,土地生态系统整体状态仍待改善。     

国内外城市可持续发展指标体系比较

文章以英国2009年发表的可持续发展指标体系和美国可持续社区指标指南为例,比较了国内外城市可持续发展评估指标体系,列举了各指标体系的大类和分项,从指标体系的选择和评价方法的确定等方面综述了国内可持续发展指标体系,以期为制定和完善中国的城市可持续发展指标体系提供参考。