炼油污水的深度处理

对炼油污水深度处理常用技术——过滤、膜分离、化学氧化技术进行了详细的论述，并结合中试试验，对动态砂滤系统、PAN膜处理系统和高级氧化系统处理炼油厂二级排放水的适用性进行了论证。     

气浮+生物接触氧化工艺处理食品加工废水

通过气浮 生物接触氧化工艺处理速冻食品加工废水的实验、设计和工程运行,结果表明:废水COD去除率能达到97%以上,使得最终出水的COD＜100mg/l.该工艺对冲击负荷有较强的适应性.     

多相催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度难降解有机废水的研究

在高压反应釜内，采用自制颗粒贵金属催化剂催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度饲料抗氧化剂合成废水，探讨了温度、压力、进水pH等反应条件对废水处理效果的影响。在温度为220℃、总压为8MPa条件下，COD，TOC，TN和色度的去除率分别达到77．0％，66．1％，70．2％，91％；处理后的废水pH很低，催化剂显示出较好的耐酸性；随进水pH的增加，COD的去除率逐渐降低，出水pH增加。     

树脂相分光光度法测定水中痕量苦味酸

建立了树脂相分光光度法测定水中痕量苦味酸的新方法。该法灵敏度高,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.08×105L/(mol·cm);精密度理想(测定苦味酸质量浓度为5μg/mL的实验5次,相对标准偏差为1.0%);线性范围为0～7.0μg/mL;以3σ衡量,检出限为0.14μg/mL;加标回收率为97%～103%。采用该法直接测定水样中的苦味酸、间接测定烟草中的烟碱,结果令人满意。     

ClO2去除废水中石油类污染物的研究

就如何使用ClO2和O3对水中石油类污染物氧化去除进行了研究，确定了最佳反应时间、pH和氧化剂用量对去除率的影响。ClO2的最佳投加量应为有机物总量的1．5倍，反应时间可控制在20min上。ClO2处理pH5．0～6．5溶液时的去除效果最好。同时进行了O3的对照实验。分析了ClO2和O3在水处理应用中的优缺点。     

Characterisation of FOGs in grease trap waste from the processing of chickens in Thailand

Industrial firms that kill and process chickens generate wastewater that contains fat, oil, and grease (FOG). The FOGs are located in the fatty waste that is collected by floatation in grease traps. Chemical and physical characterisation of FOGs would provide useful information that would help in the development of methods designed to decrease the extent of pollution caused by disposal of the waste and to utilise commercially some of its lipid constituents. Employing these methods would enhance the profitability and competitive potential of these commercial organisations. Samples of grease trap waste from 14 firms in central Thailand have been examined. Due to the very different schemes of waste management employed by these firms, the physical appearance of their fatty wastes showed considerable variation. The chemical and physical properties of the FOGs present in these wastes showed considerable variation also. Large amounts of free fatty acids (10–70% as oleic acid) were detected in most of the 14 wastes and palmitic, cis-9-oleic, cis,cis-9,12-linoleic, stearic, and palmitoleic acids were the predominant species of free and esterified acids. Most of the FOGs were solid at temperatures below 40 °C. Many of them contained traces of heavy metals (Cu and Pb) and some contained traces of the pesticides dimethoate and cypermethrin. The content of these potentially hazardous substances would have to be considered very carefully before discarding the fatty wastes and during the development of methods designed to isolate their potentially profitable lipid constituents.     

Optimization of micro-aeration intensity in acidogenic reactor of a two-phase anaerobic digester treating food waste

Micro-aeration is known to promote the activities of hydrolytic exo-enzymes and used as a strategy to improve the hydrolysis of particulate substrate. The effect of different micro-aeration rates, 0, 129, 258, and 387 L-air/kg TS/d (denoted as LBR-AN, LBR-6h, LBR-3h and LBR-2h, respectively) on the solubilization of food waste was evaluated at 35 °C in four leach bed reactors (LBR) coupled with methanogenic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Results indicate that the intensity of micro-aeration influenced the hydrolysis and methane yield. Adequate micro-aeration intensity in LBR-3h and LBR-2h significantly enhanced the carbohydrate and protein hydrolysis by 21–27% and 38–64% respectively. Due to the accelerated acidogenesis, more than 3-fold of acetic acid and butyric acid were produced in LBR-3h as compared to the anaerobic treatment LBR-AN resulting in the maximum methane yield of 0.27 L CH₄/g VS_added in the UASB. The performance of LBR-6h with inadequate aeration was similar to that of LBR-AN with a comparable hydrolysis degree. Nevertheless, higher aeration intensity in LBR-2h was also unfavorable for methane yield due to significant biomass generation and CO₂ respiration of up to 18.5% and 32.8% of the total soluble hydrolysate, respectively. To conclude, appropriate micro-aeration rate can promote the hydrolysis of solid organic waste and methane yield without undesirable carbon loss and an aeration intensity of 258 L-air/kg TS/d is recommended for acidogenic LBR treating food waste.     

不同CDPF贵金属负载量对柴油公交车VOCs组分排放影响

基于重型底盘测功机,利用质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)研究了柴油公交车在中国典型城市公交车循环(CCBC)下,不同CDPF贵金属负载量对尾气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)组分排放特性的影响.结果表明,柴油公交车VOCs主要组分为含氧有机物(OVOCs)、芳香烃和烯烃等,且OVOCs占比达50%以上;在贵金属成分、配比相同时,VOCs减排率随CDPF贵金属负载量增加而增加:贵金属负载量为15 g·ft~(-3)(A型后处理装置)、25 g·ft~(-3)(B型)和35 g·ft~(-3)(C型)时,VOCs总量的减排率依次为36.2%、40.1%和41.4%.C型后处理装置对烷烃全循环减排率高达70.2%,且对OVOCs的催化有微弱优势;对于不饱和烃类,3种不同贵金属负载量的后处理装置均有一定催化效果,但无明显差异;A型对含氮有机物减排率可达50.5%,但减排率随贵金属负载量增加而降低.采用DOC+CDPF后能较好地降低公交车VOCs排放量进而降低臭氧生成潜势(OFP).同时考虑不同方案减排效果与成本因素,当加权系数分别为0.8和0.2时,B型为最优方案.     

Fenton法处理竹制品废水生化出水的研究

采用Fenton法对竹制品废水生化出水的脱色和有机物去除进行了研究.在综合考虑经济性和去除效果的基础上,起始COD质量浓度为430 mg·L-1、色度为1 500倍的废水,在反应条件:t=30℃,pH为3.5,ρ(H2O2)=1 665 mg·L-1,c(Fe2+)/c(H2O2)=0.072,反应时间3 h的情况下,Fenton氧化处理后,COD和色度的去除率分别高达87.5%和94.4%.研究发现,色度的去除率要优于有机物(以COD计)的去除率,且受外界因素影响小.GC-MS分析结果表明:经过Fenton处理后,废水中的发色团和助色团基本上完全被去除.中间产物主要是脂类衍生物,副产品有1-碘十三烷和正辛基醚等.     

溶藻活性物质对棕囊藻溶藻及其脂肪酸影响的模拟

为了探讨芽孢杆菌B1分泌的胞外溶藻活性物质对球形棕囊藻的溶藻特性和藻毒素物质脂肪酸的影响,比较了模拟自然水体中叶绿素a、p H、溶解氧DO、高锰酸盐指数和营养元素N、P浓度在溶藻前后的变化,并利用GC-MS检测了球形棕囊藻脂肪酸的成分和含量.用体积比1∶100的芽孢杆菌B1胞外活性物质处理模拟水体14 d,发现水体中叶绿素a、p H值和高锰酸盐指数随处理时间的增加而降低,DO和N、P浓度随处理时间的增加而增加.在第14 d时,处理组水体中p H值由8.50降低到7.51,叶绿素a降低82.3%(P0.05),DO增加29.5%(P0.05),高锰酸盐指数降低55.2%(P0.01).NH+4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N和PO3-4-P浓度分别增加了0.46、1.50、6.24和1.30倍.投加活性物质处理14 d后,球形棕囊藻藻毒素中的主要3种脂肪酸C18:2、C16:0和C18:1分别降低了100%、97.7%和85.4%(P0.01),总脂肪酸含量降低83.4%(P0.01).结果表明,芽孢杆菌B1胞外溶藻活性物质在模拟自然水体中能有效抑制球形棕囊藻的生长,并降低藻毒素脂肪酸的含量.研究结果为芽孢杆菌B1胞外活性物质的生态安全性应用提供理论基础.