战略环境评价方法在多瑙河流域规划中的应用

战略环评是对政府政策、规划及计划的环境影响评价,是在政策、规划及计划出台和编制前期介入的一项有效的分析工具。但是,受技术方法、法律和政策等因素影响,战略环评方法在我国的应用仍处于起步阶段。本文归纳总结了战略环评方法的基本特征和步骤,并结合多瑙河流域规划的编制过程,系统说明战略环评方法的应用,最后针对战略环评方法在环境规划领域的应用提出了具体建议。     

经济开发区规划的合理性分析

一个经济开发区规划与所在大区域总体规划通常是密切相关的 ,开发区规划的合理与否直接影响到其所在大区域的可持续发展 ,因此对开发区规划的合理性进行分析是很有必要的。本文对开发区规划合理性分析的内容和工作程序进行了探讨 ,主要包括两部分内容 :开发区规划与区域总体规划的相容性分析和开发区规划布局的合理性分析     

Available Water Supplies in Beijing,China, Under Single‐ and Multi‐Year Drought

Since its implementation in 2015, the Middle Route of the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project (MR‐SNWDP) has transferred an average of 45 billion cubic meters of surface water per year from the Yangtze River in southern China to the Yellow River and Hai River Basin in northern China, but how that supply is able to cope with droughts under different scenarios has not been explored. In this study, using the water demand for 2020 as the guaranteed water target, a Water Evaluation and Planning system was used to simulate available water supplies in Beijing under different drought scenarios. In the case of a single‐year drought, without the MR‐SNWDP, Beijing’s water shortage ratio was 16.7%; with the MR‐SNWDP, this ratio reduced to 7.3%. In the case of a multi‐year drought, without the MR‐SNWDP, Beijing’s water shortage ratio was 25.3%; with the MR‐SNWDP, this ratio reduced to 7.4% and domestic water supply was improved. Our research suggests that to prepare for multi‐year drought in the Beijing area, the SNWDP supports increased supplies to the region that would mitigate drought effects. This study is, however, mostly focused on water supply provision to Beijing and does not comprehensively evaluate other potential impacts. Multiple additional avenues could be pursued that include replenishing groundwater, increasing reservoir storage, and water conservation methods. Further research is needed to explore the relative costs and benefits of these approaches.     

循环型旅游景区规划研究——以南京中山陵园风景区为例

从循环型旅游的内涵入手,结合中山陵园风景区旅游业的现状、特色和优势等,提出景区循环型旅游建设的目标及主要发展模式,并在此指导下就其环境功能分区、环境容量、生活垃圾、生态厕所、水环境、大气环境、周边环境等7个方面进行初步规划,最后提出了保障措施与建议,促使景区可持续发展。     

豫东黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区现状调查及生态保护规划

对豫东黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区现状进行了调查,并提出了生态保护规划。     

Utility assessment of a map-based online geo-collaboration tool

Spatial group decision-making processes often include both informal and analytical components. Discussions among stakeholders or planning experts are an example of an informal component. When participants discuss spatial planning projects they typically express concerns and comments by pointing to places on a map. The Argumentation Map model provides a conceptual basis for collaborative tools that enable explicit linkages of arguments to the places to which they refer. These tools allow for the input of explicitly geo-referenced arguments as well as the visual access to arguments through a map interface. In this paper, we will review previous utility studies in geo-collaboration and evaluate a case study of a Web-based Argumentation Map application. The case study was conducted in the summer of 2005 when student participants discussed planning issues on the University of Toronto St. George campus. During a one-week unmoderated discussion phase, 11 participants wrote 60 comments on issues such as safety, facilities, parking, and building aesthetics. By measuring the participants' use of geographic references, we draw conclusions on how well the software tool supported the potential of the underlying concept. This research aims to contribute to a scientific approach to geo-collaboration in which the engineering of novel spatial decision support methods is complemented by a critical assessment of their utility in controlled, realistic experiments.     

Sensory displeasure reduces complex cognitive performance in the heat

The aim of this study was to verify that in a hot environment, the subjective state could affect cognitive performance before any increase in core temperature. Eighteen volunteers performed a planning (OTS) and a reaction time task in hot and control environments. Before starting the cognitive assessment, subjects completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and provided subjective measures of thermal comfort and thermal sensation. Our results showed that while simple tasks were not affected, complex cognitive task performance was significantly reduced in the HOT. Furthermore, although subjects responded faster during the complex task (OTS) they took longer to find the correct solution. Within the 15 min of heat exposure, skin temperature (T_skin) significantly increased by ∼3 °C. However, core temperature remained unchanged and there were cortical excitability alterations that could have influenced cognitive performance. Therefore, the increase in T_skin appears to be a sufficient physiological response to alter the subjective state of individuals and impair effective decision-making that could have important consequences in occupational settings.     

The dynamic nature of cognition during wayfinding

Much of our day-to-day wayfinding behaviour takes place in familiar large-scale urban environments, yet there is a dearth of studies examining how wayfinding unfolds on a second-by-second basis in this context. Here we used a retrospective verbal report protocol, eye tracking and a highly accurate virtual reality simulation of a real city (London, UK) to examine this issue. Subjects, who were taxi drivers, were able to produce extremely detailed accounts of what they had been thinking during wayfinding, which were validated by independent eye-tracking data. There was a high degree of consistency in the types of thoughts across subjects, permitting classification into a number of distinct categories. Moreover, it was possible to quantify the number of thoughts in each category, their durations and temporal order. Detailed analysis of the verbal reports provided new insights into the processes and strategies involved, and highlighted a greater range of thoughts than has previously been reported in studies of wayfinding. By analysing the temporal order of thoughts it was possible to identify specific relationships between categories. Some of these relationships were predicted by current cognitive models of wayfinding, others were novel, thus shedding new light on how navigation unfolds in a busy city.     

关于构建珠江三角洲生态工业网络的思考——以中山市为例

本文简要介绍了生态工业园的理论与实践进展，在分析珠江三角洲工业经济发展现状的基础上，以中山市为例，对如何构建区域生态工业网络、建立企业生态链条、完善管理机制作了探讨。作者认为，构建珠江三角洲区域生态工业网络是必要的和可行的，但应注意以下几点：宏观上，进行合理布局，重点考虑入网行业、地理分布、试点行业和园区；微观上，解决如何更好地构筑企业共生体和生态工业链、提高生态工业网络的竞争力和稳定性等关键问题；管理上，注意完善机制，建立有效的内部管理机构、保证充分的信息沟通；在政府层面上，充分发挥政策的支持和引导作用等，以保证生态工业网络稳定运行。     

经济开发区生态规划与建设研究的几个问题

生态规划和生态建设是协调经济发展和生态环境关系,创造人与环境相和谐的人工化环境的重要调控对策.本文研究了沈阳开发区生态规划与建设中的理论、方法,着重探讨了开发区经济、环境协调发展的途径.其主要是:①选择理想的协调发展优化方案.②发展集中供热和低能耗的高技术产业.③节约水资源,提高水循环利用率.④在生态学原理指导下进行生态管理.