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81.
Jinfei Feng Yinxi Wang Jian Zhao Liqun Zhu Xinmin Bian Weijian Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(7):1158-1164
Air and soil pollution from traffic has been considered as a critical issue to crop production and food safety, however, few efforts have
been paid on distinguish the source origin of traffic-related contaminants in rice plant along highway. Therefore, we investigated metals
(Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu) concentrations and stable Pb isotope ratios in rice plants exposed and unexposed to highway traffic pollution
in Eastern China in 2008. Significant differences in metals concentrations between the exposed and unexposed plants existed in leaf for
Pb, Cd and Zn, in stem only for Zn, and in grain for Pb and Cd. About 46% of Pb and 41% of Cd in the grain were attributed to the
foliar uptake from atmosphere, and there were no obvious contribution of atmosphere to the accumulations of Cr, Zn and Cu in grain.
Except for Zn, all of the heavy metals in stem were attributed to the root uptake from soil, although significant accumulations of Pb and
Cd from atmosphere existed in leaf. This indicated that different processes existed in the subsequent translocation of foliar-absorbed
heavy metals between rice organs. The distinct separation of stable Pb isotope ratios among rice grain, leaf, stem, soil and vehicle
exhaust further provided evidences on the different pathways of heavy metal accumulation in rice plant. These results suggested that
further more attentions should be paid to the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals from traffic emission when plan crop layout for
food safety along highway. 相似文献
82.
沁河冲洪积扇地下水水化学特征及成因分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为研究河南省济源市沁河冲洪积扇地下水水化学特征及其成因,2016年10月采集水样共计60组,其中地下水水样51组,地表水水样9组.运用数理统计、舒卡列夫分类、Piper三线图、Schoeller图、Gibbs图和离子比值等方法,分析了研究区内地下水和地表水水化学类型分布特征,讨论了地下水和表水水化学演化过程的主要控制因素.结果表明:(1)研究区地表水和地下水中主要阴阳离子为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-,地表水和地下水的补给来源密切相关;(2)地下水水化学类型以HCO_3-Ca型、HCO_3-Ca·Mg型和HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型为主;地表水水化学类型以HCO_3·SO_4-Ca·Mg型为主;(3)地下水和地表水主要离子的形成主要受碳酸盐矿物风化溶解作用、离子交换作用和蒸发作用共同影响,硫酸、碳酸参与了碳酸盐矿物的风化溶解过程. 相似文献
83.
唱军 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2009,19(1):80-82
随着卢龙县工业及畜牧业的发展及人口的增加,西洋河水域污染日益严重,水质功能已达到Ⅳ类,生态环境遭到严重的破坏。西洋河流域地表污染源主要有工业企业废水、畜禽养殖污水、甘薯淀粉加工废水和农业生产废水等。本文分析了西洋河流域地表水质污染的现状,在严格排查污染源的基础上对其水质特征进行了科学分析。 相似文献
84.
用12SrRNA基因序列研究潮龟科(BATAGURIDAE)闭壳龟类的进化 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
测定了潮龟科(Bataguridae)具闭壳结构的齿缘摄龟属(Cyclemys)、锯缘摄龟属(Pyxidea)、闭壳龟属(Cuora)共6种线粒体12SrRNA基因片段的序列,结合潮龟科其它一些属的序列数据,探讨了具闭壳结构龟类的起源与进化以及闭壳龟属的分类学问题.认为闭壳龟属与锯缘摄龟属为姐妹群,两者与齿缘摄龟属的亲缘关系较远,提示这些具闭壳结构的龟类可能不是由一个共同祖先分化而来.本文的结果不支持将闭壳龟属拆分为闭壳龟属和盒龟属两属 相似文献
85.
K. Srogi 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(4):169-195
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic rings. They
have a relatively low solubility in water, but are highly lipophilic. Most of the PAHs with low vapour pressure in the air
are adsorbed on particles. When dissolved in water or adsorbed on particulate matter, PAHs can undergo photodecomposition
when exposed to ultraviolet light from solar radiation. In the atmosphere, PAHs can react with pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen
oxides and sulfur dioxide, yielding diones, nitro- and dinitro-PAHs, and sulfonic acids, respectively. PAHs may also be degraded
by some microorganisms in the soil. PAHs are widespread environmental contaminants resulting from incomplete combustion of
organic materials. The occurrence is largely a result of anthropogenic emissions such as fossil fuel-burning, motor vehicle,
waste incinerator, oil refining, coke and asphalt production, and aluminum production, etc. PAHs have received increased attention
in recent years in air pollution studies because some of these compounds are highly carcinogenic or mutagenic. Eight PAHs
(Car-PAHs) typically considered as possible carcinogens are: benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene,
benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene. In particular, benzo(a)pyrene
has been identified as being highly carcinogenic. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated 16 unsubstituted
PAHs (EPA-PAH) as priority pollutants. Thus, exposure assessments of PAHs in the developing world are important. The scope
of this review will be to give an overview of PAH concentrations in various environmental samples and to discuss the advantages
and limitations of applying these parameters in the assessment of environmental risks in ecosystems and human health. As it
well known, there is an increasing trend to use the behavior of pollutants (i.e. bioaccumulation) as well as pollution-induced
biological and biochemical effects on human organisms to evaluate or predict the impact of chemicals on ecosystems. Emphasis
in this review will, therefore, be placed on the use of bioaccumulation and biomarker responses in air, soil, water and food,
as monitoring tools for the assessment of the risks and hazards of PAH concentrations for the ecosystem, as well as on its
limitations. 相似文献
86.
长江重庆段表层水体中多环芳烃的分布及来源分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采集了长江重庆段干流以及重要支流共7个断面的表层水样,采用液相色谱法分析15种优先控制的多环芳烃(PAHs).结果表明,水体中总PAHs浓度范围为6.44—109.39 ng·L-1,平均值为41.83 ng·L-1.在5个断面水体中检出苯并(a)芘,浓度为0.05—1.32 ng·L-1,低于我国地表水标准限值(2.8 ng·L-1).长江重庆段的PAHs浓度水平低于大部分国内其他河流,与国外一些河流的浓度水平相当.PAHs组成以中低环PAHs(3环和4环)为主,平均比例分别为55.7%和38.8%,高环PAHs(5环和6环)含量较低,分别占3.6%和1.9%.示踪PAHs比值法结果显示长江重庆段表层水体PAHs主要来源于石化产品的泄漏污染. 相似文献
87.
湘潭市酸雨污染状况、化学组成及其防治对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据2001—2005年湘潭市城区降水环境质量监测数据,对湘潭城区酸性降水的变化特征、离子化学组成、变化趋势和酸雨成因进行了分析。“十五期间”湘潭市区酸雨频率在50%以上,pH值平均范围在4.56—4.91,属重酸雨区;SO4^2-/NO3^-比值为4.93~6.13,属典型硫酸型;湘潭城区酸雨有明显的季节变化规律,春季和冬季酸雨出现的频率最多,秋季最少;酸雨分布没有明显的地区差异。依据相关系数法检验,湘潭市的酸雨从总体上看污染趋势无显著性变化,呈现相对稳定状态。 相似文献
88.
焦化废水中有机污染物的特性及处理工艺方法的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了焦化废水中有机物的特性及有机污染物处理技术的发展动态和新方法。研究表明 ,生物法和物化新方法的联合工艺是处理焦化废水有机污染物的有效方法 相似文献
89.
90.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can decrease the uptake of uranium by subterranean clover grown at high levels of uranium in soil 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Rufyikiri G Huysmans L Wannijn J Van Hees M Leyval C Jakobsen I 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,130(3):427-436
Subterranean clover inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices was grown on soil containing six levels of 238U in the range 0-87 mg kg(-1). Increasing U concentration in soil enhanced the U concentration in roots and shoots of both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants but had no significant effects on plant dry matter production or root AM colonization. Mycorrhizas increased the shoot dry matter and P concentration in roots and shoots, while in most cases, it decreased the Ca, Mg and K concentrations in plants. The AM fungus influenced U concentration in plants only in the treatment receiving 87 mg U kg(-1) soil. In this case, U concentration in shoots of nonmycorrhizal plants was 1.7 times that of shoots of mycorrhizal plants. These results suggested that mycorrhizal fungi can limit U accumulation by plants exposed to high levels of U in soil. 相似文献