中美固体废物污染防治法律制度的比较

对中美两国的固体废物污染制度进行了全面系统地比较，分析了在固体废物污染防治中的管理制度、环境立法的完善程度和法律现任的同异性，提出在执行固体废物污染环境防治法中需要借鉴美国等固体废物立法比较早的国家在固体废物污染防治方面的立法经验，不断完善我国固体废物污染防治的法规体系。     

加强土壤污染防治资金和工程项目管理的建议

文章首先分析了中央财政土壤污染防治专项资金的性质,结合资金管理办法进一步阐明了资金使用范围、资金分配方式、绩效导向和信息公开要求。分析了部分省份开展的土壤污染防治工程项目、资金管理制度建设的现状和获得2016年第一批土壤污染防治专项资金支持项目的情况,对比指出了在支持重点、支持方式上的不同特点。基于主要问题,从加强土壤污染防治项目储备库建设、开展项目与资金规范管理的制度建设、明确不同对象的组织管理职责、重视咨询服务队伍和专家队伍建设等四个方面,阐述了加强土壤污染防治项目组织和资金管理的建议,为相关环境管理部门提供决策参考。     

Screening 31 endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water and surface sediment samples from Beijing Guanting reservoir

For screening 31 potential or suspected endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water and surface sediments, a multiresidue analysis method based on gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD) was developed. Solid phase extraction (SPE) technology with Oasis^® HLB cartridge was also applied in sample extraction. The relevant mean recoveries were 70–103% and 71–103% for water and sediment, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSD) are 2.0–7.0%, 4.0–8.0% for water and sediment, respectively. Thirty one pesticides (-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), aldrin, heptachlor, endosulfan I & II, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulphate, methoxychlor, hepachlor epoxide, -chlordane, γ-chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, dicofol, acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor, chlorpyriphos, nitrofen, trifluralin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin) in water and surface sediment samples from Beijing Guanting reservoir were analyzed. Concentrations of pesticides ranged from 7.59 to 36.0 ng g⁻¹ on a dry wt. basis for sediment samples, from 279.3 to 2740 ng l⁻¹ for pore waters and from 48.8 to 890 ng l⁻¹ for water samples, respectively, with a mean concentration of 10.7 ng g⁻¹ in sediment, 735 ng l⁻¹ in pore water and 295 ng l⁻¹ in water, respectively. The data obtained provides information on the levels and sources of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in Guanting reservoir. These results underscore the need to improved environmental protection measures in order to reduce the exposure of the population and aquatic biota to these endocrine-disrupting compounds.     

新乡市工业“三废”污染及治理措施

以新乡市2006—2012年工业"三废"排放监测数据为依据,通过对城市废水、废气及工业固体废弃物排放情况的分析,找出主要污染特征并提出相关治理对策。     

塑料和橡胶类废物的热物理与焚烧特性研究的进展

随着社会和科技的发展，塑料和橡胶废弃量与日俱增，已成为城市垃圾的重要组成，由于这类废弃的聚合物给环境带来了污染问题，怎样合理地处理和利用已经成为一项重要的研究课题，本文对塑料和橡胶类的废物的理化性质，热值，焚烧特性，污染特性进行了论述，并根据它们的热物理及焚烧特性提出了进一步优化废物焚烧炉，完善低污染，低腐蚀，低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺的一些设想。     

废轮胎等离子体热解固体产物性质研究

等离子体热解废弃轮胎的产物包括可燃气、固体产物两部分,本文利用工业分析、元素分析、SEM扫描、XPS表面分析、NMR分析等手段考察了等离子体热解固体产物的特性,并与轮胎工业用碳黑做了对比研究。研究结果表明,废轮胎等离子体热解固体产物可作为热解碳黑进行回收利用。     

Reverse logistics in the Brazilian construction industry

In Brazil most Construction and Demolition Waste (C&D waste) is not recycled. This situation is expected to change significantly, since new federal regulations oblige municipalities to create and implement sustainable C&D waste management plans which assign an important role to recycling activities. The recycling organizational network and its flows and components are fundamental to C&D waste recycling feasibility. Organizational networks, flows and components involve reverse logistics. The aim of this work is to introduce the concepts of reverse logistics and reverse distribution channel networks and to study the Brazilian C&D waste case.     

邕江流域有机氯农药残留问题的初步研究

采用固相萃取和GC-ECD对邕江流域水体中17种痕量有机氯农药的残留状况进行分析测定,检测结果表明,邕江干流均检出硫酸硫丹,但有机氯农药浓度较低,均未超过现有相关标准。城市内河残留的有机氯农药以六六六为主,主要来自于长期的历史残留,而硫酸硫丹除朝阳溪和相思湖丰水期未检测到外,均普遍检出。方法检出限为1~5ng/L,替代物加标回收率为103.5%~112.0%。     

Environmental monitoring of complex hydrocarbon mixtures in water and soil samples after solid phase microextraction using PVC/MWCNTs nanocomposite fiber

A novel nanocomposite based on incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was prepared. Proposed nanocomposite was coated on stainless steel wire by deep coating. Composition of nanocomposite was optimized based on results of morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy. The best composition (83% MWCNTs:17% PVC) was applied as a solid phase microextraction fiber. Complex mixture of aromatic (BTEX) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (C₅–C₃₄) were selected as model analytes, and performance of proposed fiber in extraction of the studied compounds from water and soil samples was evaluated. Analytical merits of the method for water samples (LODs = 0.10–1.10 ng L⁻¹, r² = 0.9940–0.9994) and for soil samples (LODs = 0.10–0.77 ng kg⁻¹, r² = 0.9946–0.9994) showed excellent characteristics of it in ultra trace determination of petroleum type environmental pollutants. Finally, the method was used for determination of target analytes in river water, industrial effluent and soil samples.     

Bioaccumulation kinetics of sediment-associated DE-83 in benthic invertebrates (Nereis succinea, polychaete)

Polychaetes (Nereis succinea) were exposed to DE-83 contaminated sediments to investigate the bioaccumulation and bioavailability of nona- and deca-BDEs in sediment. All the major congeners in DE-83 were bioavailable to the lugworms. The uptake coefficients (K_s) of nona- and deca-BDE congeners in lugworms were in the range of 0.18-0.65 (d⁻¹), with the values of BDE-207 and -208 slightly higher than those of BDE-206 and -209. Elimination of nona- and deca-BDE congeners from lugworms was very fast. The estimated half-lives of nona- and deca-BDE congeners in the lugworms were at 0.7 d. The bioavailability of nona- and deca-BDE congeners was very low, with BSAF of 0.017 for BDE-206 and -209 and 0.054 for BDE-207 and -208. These may be due to the large molecular size and high affinity of PBDEs to sediment particles. The contribution of BDE-206 in the profile of nona-BDEs in lugworm tissue decreased with exposure time while those of BDE-207 and -208 increased, which could be the result of the biotransformation of BDE-209 to BDE-207 and -208.