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61.
便携式气相色谱仪在VOCs污染源监测中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
便携式气相色谱仪(Portable GC)是一种能在野外现场完成对VOCs气体进行分析测试的新型气相色谱仪,该仪器完全避免VOCs监测中的样品的保存问题。通过对这种仪器性能与操作,以及用针筒、塑料袋采集3苯(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)的采样评价实验,探讨了便携式气相色谱仪在VOCs污染源监测中的应用。 相似文献
62.
上海市郊大棚蔬菜的农药使用调查 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过对上海市郊大棚生产中农药使用情况的调查,揭示了上海市郊大棚蔬菜生产中存在的主要农药污染问题,主要表现在:所使用农药的结构不够合理,一些危险级农药仍在使用,而高效杀菌剂和除草剂的品种很少;大棚蔬菜的农药残留量较高,超标率可达10%;食用受农药污染蔬菜的急性中毒事件时有发生,主要为绿叶蔬菜,农药主要是甲胺膦。 相似文献
63.
林黎宇 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》1999,(2)
本文在综述白色污染形成原因、污染状况的基础上,介绍了我国目前解决白色污染的方法以及国外塑料废弃物的治理现状,同时探讨了白色污染防治中的问题,并提出了解决白色污染的对策。 相似文献
64.
《毒物与环境化学》2012,94(3-6):215-227
AbstractSimulated with small environmental chambers, the emission characteristics of total volatile organic compounds from plastic runway surfaces were investigated by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. This quantitative approach was validated using a dynamic recovery experiment, and the variation of emission factors from mixed-type plastic surfaces was determined. Also, the photodegradation of volatile organic compounds in chambers was introduced to decrease the background interference. 相似文献
65.
Giovanni Cagnetta Kunlun Zhang Qiwu Zhang Jun Huang Gang Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):11
66.
Mei Shi Xiao Wang Mengying Shao Lun Lu Habib Ullah Hao Zheng Fengmin Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(1):5
67.
D. Briassoulis 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(3):289-307
The overall mechanical behaviour of a series of experimental Mater-Bi made thin low-tunnel films is analysed with respect to the effect of two major factors: the film processing optimisation during manufacturing and the design of the low-tunnels structural system. The analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the biodegradable low-tunnel films, based on the results of extensive full-scale and small-scale experiments, combined with laboratory testing of the mechanical properties of the film, proves that a rather good mechanical behaviour is possible for these films, comparable to the behaviour of conventional agricultural films in terms of strength, provided that two criteria are met: (a) the low tunnel structural design is based on the initial stress at yield value of the film, which represents the asymptotic value of the tensile strength of the film, following its evolution with the time of exposure to real field conditions; (b) the processing of the film is optimised for the particular biodegradable material and film thickness under consideration. It is also confirmed that the stabilisation schemes used with conventional polyethylene films are not suitable for the biodegradable films.
相似文献
D. BriassoulisEmail: Phone: +30-210-529-4011Fax: +30-210-529-4023 |
68.
Li-Tse Ou John E. Thomas L. Hartwell Allen Jr. Joseph C. Vu Donald W. Dickson 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):15-20
A field experiment was conducted to compare two plastic mulches and two application rates on surface emissions and subsurface distribution of methyl bromide (MBr) in field beds in Florida. Within 30 minutes after injection of MBr to 30 cm depth, MBr had diffused upward to soil surface in all beds covered with polyethylene film (PE) or virtually impermeable film (VIF) and applied at a high rate (392 kg/ha) and a low rate (196 kg/ha). Due to the highly permeable nature of PE, within 30 minutes after injection, MBr volatilized from the bed surfaces of the two PE-covered beds into the atmosphere. The amount of volatilization was greater for the high rate-treatment bed. On the other hand, volatilization of MBr from the bed surfaces of the two VIF-covered beds were negligible. Volatilization losses occurred from the edges of all the beds covered with PE or VIF and were greater from the high rate-treatment beds. Initial vertical diffusion of MBr in the subsurface of the beds covered with PE or VIF was mainly upward, as large concentrations of MBr were detected from near bed surfaces to 20 cm depth in these beds 30 minutes after injection and little or no MBr was found at 40 cm depth. The two VIF-covered beds exhibited greater MBr concentrations and longer resident times in the root zone (0.5–40 cm depth) than corresponding PE-covered beds. Concentrations of MBr in the root zone of the high rate-treatment beds were 3.6–6.1 times larger than the low rate-treatment beds during the first days after application. In conclusion, VIF promoted retention of MBr in the root zone and, if volatilization loss from bed edges can be blocked, volatilization loss from VIF-covered beds should be negligible. 相似文献
69.
Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are persistent organic pollutants now ubiquitous in the environment. Technical HBCD mixtures and with it flame-proofed polystyrenes (FP-PS) also contain isobutoxypentabromocyclododecanes (iBPBCDs) as minor constituents, which are possibly released together with HBCDs. So far, eight diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers named as α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ?-, ξ-, η-, and θ-iBPBCDs with proportions of 10%, 5%, 2%, 21%, 11%, 11%, 12% and 28% were found in technical HBCD. Herein the crystal structure of racemic δ-iBPBCD, the second most prominent diastereomer, is presented and assigned to (1S)-1-isobutoxy-(2R,5R,6S,9S,10S)-2,5,6,9,10-pentabromocyclododecane and its enantiomer. During thermal treatment of FP-PS, e.g. the production of extruded polystyrenes (XPS), proportions of δ-iBPBCDs decrease and those of other stereoisomers increase. Evidence was found that δ-iBPBCDs isomerize stereo- and regioselectively to β-iBPBCDs. Based on structural and kinetic data, a transformation mechanism was proposed. Apparent first-order rate constants (kiso) of 0.0019, 0.0050, and 0.012 min−1 are found for the δ- to β-iBPBCD isomerization at 120, 130, and 140 °C, respectively, corresponding to half-lives of 360, 140, and 56 min. These transformations also occur during the production of XPS, which predominantly contain β-iBPBCDs, whereas δ-iBPBCDs dominate in materials experiencing lower thermal stress, e.g. expanded polystyrenes (EPS). The relative configurations of δ- and θ-iBPBCDs are TtCtCt, like the one of γ-HBCDs. γ-HBCDs are the kinetically and α-HBCDs with a TcCtCc configuration the thermodynamically favored products. In analogy, β-iBPBCDs are assumed to have a TcCtCc configuration like α-HBCDs because they are formed from δ-iBPBCDs under thermodynamic control. In conclusion, HBCD- and iBPBCD-patterns in flame-proofed polystyrenes vary substantially, reflecting the thermal stress these materials have experienced. When released to the environment, these patterns might further change, as observed for HBCDs. 相似文献
70.
Monitoring plastic ingestion by the northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis in the North Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
van Franeker JA Blaize C Danielsen J Fairclough K Gollan J Guse N Hansen PL Heubeck M Jensen JK Le Guillou G Olsen B Olsen KO Pedersen J Stienen EW Turner DM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2609-2615
The abundance of plastics in stomachs of northern fulmars from the North Sea is used in the OSPAR Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) for marine litter. The preliminary EcoQO defines acceptable ecological quality as the situation where no more than 10% of fulmars exceed a critical level of 0.1 g of plastic in the stomach. During 2003-2007, 95% of 1295 fulmars sampled in the North Sea had plastic in the stomach (on average 35 pieces weighing 0.31 g) and the critical level of 0.1 g of plastic was exceeded by 58% of birds, with regional variations ranging from 48 to 78%. Long term data for the Netherlands since the 1980s show a decrease of industrial, but an increase of user plastics, with shipping and fisheries as the main sources. The EcoQO is now also used as an indicator for Good Environmental Status in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. 相似文献