Trapping pheromonal components with silicone rubber tubes: fatty acid secretions in honeybees (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera</Emphasis>)

Summary. We describe the use of pieces of silicone tubing to analyse the mandibular gland components of queen and worker honeybees and show that these compounds can be efficiently trapped on bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) treated pieces of tubing. The use of this technique rather than that of solid phase microextraction (SPME) techniques with commercially available fibres that have been shown to be efficient at sampling secretions from the cuticle of insects, is necessitated by a requirement for collection of large sample numbers in a short space of time or for sampling in the field. The technique may be generalised for use with semiochemicals of low volatility in other insect communciation systems.     

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Soy Protein Filled Elastomers

Dynamic mechanical properties including temperature effect, stress softening, and Payne effect are studied on the elastomer composites filled with soy protein or carbon black. The comparison of protein composite with well-known carbon black composites provides further insight into the protein composites. The elastomers filled with soy protein aggregates give substantial reinforcement effect when compared with the unfilled elastomers. Approximately 400 times increase in shear elastic modulus was observed when 40% by weight of protein is incorporated into the elastomers. The sample films were cast from the particle dispersion of soy protein isolate and carboxylated styrene–butadiene latex. At the higher temperatures, the shear elastic modulus of soy protein-filled composites does not decrease as much as that of the carbon black-filled composites. The behavior of elastic and loss modulus under the oscillatory strain of different magnitude is similar to that of carbon black reinforced styrene–butadiene rubber. However, carbon black composites show a better recovery behavior after eight cycles of dynamic strain. The reduction of shear elastic modulus with dynamic strain (Payne effect) was compared with Kraus model and the fitting parameter related to the aggregate structure of the soy protein. A reasonable agreement between the theoretical model and experiment was obtained, indicating the Payne effect of the protein-related network structure in the elastomers could also be described by the kinetic agglomeration de-agglomeration mechanism.     

塑料和橡胶类废弃物的热物理特性及焚烧特性的研究

塑料和橡胶类的废弃物是城市垃圾的重要组成。本文在新式焚烧炉中对它们的焚烧特性、污染特性进行了研究。这将有助于进一步优化新型转式焚烧炉，完善低染、低腐蚀、低粘结的废弃物的焚烧工艺。     

常温下粉碎废旧轮胎的研究

利用自行开发的研磨机对废旧轮胎进行常温粉碎实验 ,结果表明 :本装置完全适合常温下用废旧轮胎制取胶粉 ,通过改变操作参数可以得到不同粒度的胶粉。为胶粉的制造方法开辟了新的途径     

我国热带地区胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统物质循环研究

以海南省文昌市典型的胶-茶-鸡农林复合模式为研究对象 ,以单作胶园、胶茶间作园为对照 ,采用定量研究与定性分析相结合的方法 ,研究其物质循环规律。结果表明 ,胶-茶-鸡农林复合系统的氮、磷输入、输出量最大 ,系统外物质投入率比另两系统明显减少 ,系统内养分循环量增加 ,因此 ,该系统具有较合理的物质循环结构。     

废塑料-环氧化橡胶制造橡塑型道路反光标志带的研究

借助环氧化天然橡胶（ＥＮＲ）分子链上环氧基团的二次反应，同废旧聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）、聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）等塑炼、压延成像塑型道路反光标志带（ＰＺ－ＭＳ），其抗拉强度等性能比Ｚ１－２型道路反光标志带（Ｚ－ＭＳ）好，同时治理了白色污染。     

天然橡胶加工废水处理工艺设计

天然橡胶加工废水浓度高 ,且间歇排放 ,但具有很好的可生化性。经好氧和厌氧试验 ,并据土地的可得性 ,提出了稳定塘系统及稳定塘与生物滤池相结合的处理工艺 ,并给出一设计实例     

双氰胺废渣在橡胶中的应用

主要阐述了双氰胺废渣的主要成份及它在纲丝隔离胶及三角胶芯胶中的应用并与原助剂进行了比较     

Hydrological eco-service of rubber plantations in Hainan Island and its effect on local economic development

The impacts of economic forest on global environmental change(GEC) are one of the hot issues in environmental study. Based on the 3-year observation data and 40-year climate data, GEC and analysis of the hydrological dynamic characteristics of rubber plantations and estimate of the water balance in the rubber plantations in Hainan Island were made. The results showed that the rainfall intercepted by thecanopy of the plantations accounted for 11.4-5 % of the annual rainfall, the total runoff for 23.71%, the total evaporation and transpiration for 63.24%, the soil moisture storage for 1.6%. Analysis of the 40year rainfall data in the 19 counties of Hainan Island during 1951—1990 showed that the large-scale substitution of the natural vegetation with the rubber plantations had no significant effect on the local rainfall in Hainan Island. The main reasons are (1) 80% of the rainfall in Hainan is brought by typhoons; (2) the proportion of 11.6% rubberplantations in total forest coverage in Hainan is not enough to influence the local rainfall in Hainan Island; and (3) although the rubberplantation is artificial vegetation, it has the similar function to the tropical rain forest. Analysis of the total water resource and I‘otal GDP ofHainan in 1997 showed that the economic benefit resulted from the water resource was 1.0 RMB Yuan/m3 . The value of hydrological of therubber plantation in Hainan was 113.9 million RMB Yuan/a when compared with the tropical rain forest. The paper reaches conclusion that the hydrological eco-service function of rubber plantation has been enhanced after transformed from natural vegetation, which includes the natural service and powerful social service.     

Deconstructing sustainable rubber production: contesting narratives in rural Sumatra

ABSTRACT

The growing demand for natural rubber is increasingly threatening biodiversity and forest ecosystems. Recently, the French Michelin Group started a cooperation with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to establish environmentally and socially sustainable ‘model’ rubber plantations in Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The framing of Michelin’s tyre production as ‘eco-friendly’ and their purported ‘sustainable’ rubber cultivation contradict with statements by villagers living around Michelin’s plantation in Jambi Province, Sumatra, who are reporting environmental destruction and land tenure conflicts. Conceptually, we build on political ecology and critical human geography perspectives to identify conflicts and ambiguities related to sustainability claims, deforestation and dispossession. Empirically, we draw on qualitative research in a village affected by the plantation. We confront and deconstruct the discursive framing of sustainable rubber production with our empirical findings. We show how the plantation restricts access to land and instead of providing additional income, is actually limiting development opportunities.