基于SMA绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座的结构隔震

研究了基于SMA绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座的框架结构隔震理论和方法，建立了3种不同支承条件下单自由度隔震体系的运动方程，并对一个典型的4层框架结构，分析了它在地震作用下的时程反应。结果表明，SMA绞线-叠层橡胶复合支座是一种有效的隔震装置，它用于框架结构中，能有效地减小结构的位移、速度和加速度反应。     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

膜萃取处理高盐水杨酸废水传质特性研究

采用膜萃取分离法处理高盐水杨酸废水。讨论了料液流量F、反应温度T、萃取液pH值、料液进水浓度Cf,in等因素对膜传质性能和水杨酸去除效果的影响。结果表明:总传质系数Kov受料液流量和反应温度两因素影响较大;在Cf,in=854.2±19.7 mg/L、F=3 L/d、T=323 K、萃取液侧pH=11.5±0.2、膜管长L=50 m的条件下,水杨酸去除率可达97%。     

硅橡胶低温环境性能研究

目的 研究低温环境对硅橡胶性能的影响。方法 探究硅橡胶6141和6144在-55℃长期低温环境下的压缩永久变形性能变化规律,以及不同低温环境对2种硅橡胶邵氏硬度和拉伸性能的影响,并通过DSC和TMA对材料热效应和弹性恢复行为进行分析。结果 在-55℃的低温环境下,随着时间的延长,硅橡胶的低温压缩永久变形会发生突变。当低温持续时间达到27 d后,硅橡胶6141和6144的低温压缩永久变形分别达到81%和92%,出现失效。对比-25℃和-55℃低温环境下的硬度和拉伸性能发现,随着温度的降低,材料拉断伸长率先增加、后降低,拉伸强度和硬度逐渐增大。当温度降低到-55℃时,由于材料产生结晶,硅橡胶6141和6144的拉伸强度分别增大58%和72%,稳定后的硬度值分别增加25和36。通过DSC和TMA研究发现,硅橡胶会在低温下产生结晶,回弹性降低。在-55℃低温环境下,通过TMA测试得到的6141和6144压缩永久变形分别为60%和62%。结论 在长时间的极端低温环境下,硅橡胶会缓慢发生结晶,使硅橡胶材料在高于其玻璃化转变温度和结晶温度范围内出现性能突变,发生失效。     

热空气作用下FM-2D橡胶材料老化本构模型研究

目的 建立热空气作用下氟醚-2D(FM-2D)橡胶材料的老化本构模型,形成老化作用下橡胶材料力学响应分析方法,为准确评估橡胶密封件使用寿命提供依据。方法 探究热空气作用下FM-2D橡胶材料老化机理,基于连续介质有限变形理论框架,采用热力学耗散势函数法,引入橡胶老化过程的势能函数,据此建立考虑橡胶材料老化的超弹性本构模型,基于橡胶老化试验,完成本构模型参数标定,实现老化作用下橡胶力学响应的预测。结果 建立了热空气作用下橡胶材料的老化本构模型,依据老化试验数据标定模型参数,分析了热空气作用下橡胶材料本构模型的可靠性。结论 建立的热空气作用下橡胶材料的老化本构模型可准确预测橡胶随老化时间演变的力学响应,有效模拟了橡胶材料的老化过程。     

Influence of ground tire rubber on the transient loading response of a peat biofilter

The effect of using ground tire rubber (GTR) as an adsorptive material in the removal of a 2:1:1 weight mixture of n-butyl acetate, toluene and m-xylene by using a peat biofilter under different intermittent conditions was investigated. The performance of two identical size biofilters, one packed with fibrous peat alone and the other with a 3:1 (vol) fibrous peat and GTR mixture, was examined for a period of four months. Partition coefficients of both materials were measured. Values of 53, 118 and 402 L kg(-1) were determined for n-butyl acetate, toluene and m-xylene in peat, respectively; and values of 40, 609 and 3035 L kg(-1) were measured for the same compounds in GTR. Intermittent load feeding of 16 h per day, 5 days per week working at an EBRT of 60 s and an inlet VOC concentration of 0.3 g C m(-1), resulted in removal efficiencies higher than 90% for both biofilters, indicating that the addition of GTR did not adversely affect the behavior of the bioreactor. Full removal of n-butyl acetate was obtained for both biofilters. GTR improved the removal of the aromatics in the first part of the biofilter, facilitating lower penetration of the toluene and m-xylene into the bed. A 31-day starvation period was applied and intermittent operation subsequently restarted. In both biofilters, high removal efficiencies after a re-acclimation period of two days were achieved. A shock loading test related to 1-h peaks of three- and four-fold increases in its baseline concentration (0.30 g C m(-3)) was applied in both biofilters. For the biofilter packed with the peat and GTR mixture, attenuation greater than 60% was observed in the maximum outlet concentration when compared to the biofilter packed with peat alone.     

基于平均法的金属橡胶隔振器非线性振动特性研究

目的研究金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性振动特性和机理。方法建立该金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性动力学模型,利用平均法推导出系统的自由振动运动方程和在简谐激励下的受迫振动幅频响应方程,通过数值计算分析影响隔振系统位移传递率的因素。随后设计一种结构紧凑的金属橡胶隔振器,通过静压试验得到加载卸载迟滞回线,利用拟合方法建立金属橡胶的指数型刚度模型。该模型在相同拟合效果下参数较少,将指数型非线性刚度模型代入到振动方程中进行求解,得到理论幅频响应曲线。同时,进行金属橡胶隔振系统的正弦扫频试验,得到不同振动幅值下的实测传递率幅频响应,与理论计算结果进行对比。结果拟合参数与系统的振动特性相关,拟合参数k_(1)越大,系统共振频率越低,拟合参数k_(2)越大,系统共振频率越高。理论计算与试验结果共振频率的误差最大为2.1%,放大倍数最大误差为17.1%。该理论方法可以较为准确地计算出隔振系统的共振频率、共振放大倍数以及非线性振动的跳跃现象。结论该方法可以较为准确地通过金属橡胶隔振器的静压试验数据预估出金属橡胶隔振系统的非线性振动特性,对于金属橡胶隔振设计具有一定的应用价值。     

Adaptive Process Control in Rubber Industry

This paper describes the problems and an adaptive solution for process control in rubber industry. We show that the human and economical benefits of an adaptive solution for the approximation of process parameters are very attractive.

The modeling of the industrial problem is done by the means of artificial neural networks. For the example of the extrusion of a rubber profile in tire production our method shows good resuits even using only a few training samples.     

含钴基金属有机框架硅橡胶泡沫阻燃特性研究*

为提高硅橡胶泡沫（SiFs）的阻燃性能,采用溶剂法制备钴基金属有机框架材料（Co-MOFs）并用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对其结构进行表征。将制备的材料添加到SiFs中,利用极限氧指数（LOI）、UL-94试验和锥形量热仪（CONE）对SiFs的阻燃性能和抑烟性能进行研究。结果表明:添加1%及以上Co-MOFs时,SiFs阻燃等级达到UL-94-V0级;添加3%Co-MOFs时,SiFs的LOI达30.2%,热释放速率峰值（PHRR）和总热释放量（THR）相比原样分别降低了56.92%和66.73%;添加1%Co-MOFs的SiFs的产烟率峰值（PSPR）和产烟量（TSR）比原样分别降低了82%和85%,Co-MOFs提高了SiFs的阻燃和抑烟性能。     

不均匀憎水性对线路绝缘子防污效果的影响

以硅橡胶为主的复合绝缘材料广泛应用于高电压外绝缘领域,因其憎水性和憎水迁移性能有效提高线路绝缘子污闪电压。但是,运行多年后硅橡胶材料会发生局部老化,表面憎水性不均匀下降,这种情况下线路绝缘子的防污效果有着重要的研究意义。针对复合绝缘子沿串憎水性以及RTV涂料绝缘子上、下表面憎水性的不均匀分布特点,应用人工污闪试验和饱和受潮试验表现其防污性能。试验结果表明:复合绝缘子高压端憎水性下降对绝缘子整体防污性能影响较大;而悬垂绝缘子上下表面的饱和受潮时间和污秽流失情况决定了整体受潮状态,其中下表面的憎水性状态对其防污效果至关重要。根据上述试验结果,在运行状态评价中,复合绝缘子高压端以及悬垂绝缘子下表面的憎水性应给予重点关注。