RETRACTED ARTICLE: Removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using the macroalga Caulerpa racemosa

Sediment bulk parameters and fatty acid biomarkers were used to investigate the relative contribution of major sources of particulate organic matter during upwelling and non-upwelling conditions, at organic enriched sites on the south-eastern Brazilian coast. The degradation state of the organic material and its implications for benthic food webs were also evaluated. Temperature and salinity values indicate the intrusion of the South Atlantic Central Water in spring with a strong influence at station 4S. C:N ratios and fatty acid biomarkers suggest that sedimentary particulate organic matter is mainly autochthonous and originated from phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria, with a minor terrestrial contribution. Short-chain saturated fatty acids predominated, indicating the prevalence of partially degraded detritus. An exception was station 4S, where polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated, indicating the input of labile organic matter linked to upwelling of the South Atlantic Central Water. Fatty acid concentrations and the organic carbon content of the sediments suggest that food quantity is not a limiting factor for benthic fauna. Despite the high organic background of the sediments, the sporadic inputs of labile organic matter associated with South Atlantic Central Water intrusions may produce an important impact on benthic fauna and on the biogeochemistry of the sediments.     

Morphological and chemical characteristics of atmospheric particles in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (Mexico)

Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy has been used for both morphological and elemental chemistry analyses of atmospheric particles. This technique allows the in situ observation of individual aerosol particles in the sample chamber. Aerotransported particles were analysed from seven monitoring stations located in the Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley (MZTV). Several different morphologies were identified: aggregates, porous spheres, rough and smooth compact material. The elemental composition included C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Mn, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Ce. These are semiquantitative analyses considering the bulk sample or individual particles. It was possible to correlate or confirm some chemical associations such as C–S, Ca–S–O and Si–Al–O, probably due to the presence of compounds derived from incomplete combustion, building tailing materials and aluminosilicates of cortical origin. Bioaerosols such as pollen, spores, brochosomes and diatoms were identified in the zone; all these types of particles have a natural origin too. Several types of suspended particles were identified in the MZTV, they were from different sources (natural and anthropogenic) to which the population can be potentially exposed, and may cause harm in the short- and long-term, according to their chemical element composition and size.     

基于公众健康的大气环境风险源定量分级方法

目前国内针对化工企业大气环境风险源的突发泄漏事故健康风险分级方法较少.通过设定可信最严重事故场景,计算环境风险源在现有风险管理水平和当地可预期气象条件下的事故影响概率和健康危害,获得健康风险(包括急性暴露风险、死亡风险和综合健康风险)并划分风险源等级,由此建立了一种考虑公众健康的大气环境风险源定量分级方法.将方法应用于太原市某化工企业液氯储罐区健康风险评估,获得了各风向下的事故影响概率、后果和风险玫瑰图,显示风险源的健康风险与周边公众的分布特征密切相关.在可信最严重事故场景下,综合风险最大值为4.88×10-6,特征风向为S风向,风险源等级为极高风险(Ⅰ级).      

C市饮用水源风险评价实例分析

保护饮用水源、保障饮用安全是目前我国环境保护工作的重要任务.借鉴了美国科罗拉多州地表饮用水源风险评价的方法和思路,并根据C市饮用水源的特点,从污染物迁移可能性、污染危害、泄漏可能性以及污染物的量4个方面对C市136个饮用水源遭受污染的风险进行了定量和定性评价.结果表明:有5个饮用水源属于高风险级别,需要对其实施优先管理.这5个高风险的饮用水源具有共同的环境污染特点,即饮用水源保护区内土地利用率高、农业面源范围广,并且点源数量多、污染大. 风险评价结果与饮用水源保护区内的污染源特点表现出良好的一致性,同时也表明加强饮用水源保护区内的污染源防治工作是保障饮用水源免受污染的重要举措.      

Important organic matter sources and trophic pathways for the nutrition of Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829) and Valamugil buchanani (Bleeker, 1853) in Pangani macro-tidal estuary,Tanzania

The study investigated the spatial variation in the main sources of organic matter (OM) and trophic pathways for zooplanktivorous Hilsa kelee and phytodetritivorous Valamugil buchanani in fresh-water-influenced zone versus sea-water-dominated zone of Pangani estuary. The findings indicated significant inter-specific variations in δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values (ANOVA, F?≥?84.3, p?F?≥?9.4, p?=?0.001) in both estuarine zones. Results also showed significant zonal-intraspecific variations in stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N), FA profile and marginal differences in diet for the V. buchanani while no considerable differences were observed for H. kelee from two estuarine zones. The isotope mixing models and FA biomarkers revealed that the most important carbon sources to the nutrition of H. kelee were derived from microphytobenthos, macro-algae and sea grasses transferred through phytoplankton and detrital trophic pathways. In contrast, C₃ terrestrial plants and microphytobenthos were the main carbon source to the diet of V. buchanani; and were transferred via the benthic and detrital trophic pathways. Therefore, both terrestrial and in-situ OM sources were the main trophic resources base fuelling the planktonic and benthic food webs in Pangani estuary.     

中国生活源挥发性有机物排放清单

生活源已成为重要的挥发性有机物（VOCs）人为排放源之一.构建了系统的中国生活源VOCs排放源分类方法和核算体系,在此基础上建立了2010~2018年中国生活源VOCs排放清单,并对生活源VOCs排放重要源类和省份等进行识别,最后对生活源VOCs控制提出了对策建议.结果表明,2018年中国生活源VOCs排放量为2518 kt.建筑装饰、沥青道路铺装、餐饮油烟和农村家用生物质使用是贡献最大的4类源,合计占比69.22%.家庭日化用品使用和居民生活和商业煤炭使用贡献相当,占比分别为10.43%和9.98%.此外,汽车修补也有一定的贡献,占比为7.75%.山东、四川、河南、广东、江苏和河北是VOCs排放贡献最大的6个省份,合计占生活源VOCs排放总量的36.01%.2010~2018年期间,中国生活源VOCs排放先以0.43%的速度增加,2013年达到峰值排放后开始下降,下降速度为2.23%.下降原因一方面与居民生活用能的清洁化,以及北方地区大力推进清洁取暖使生活煤炭、生物质消耗逐步减少等有关,另一方面与该阶段部分地区房屋建设逐步趋于饱和导致全国年房屋竣工面积减少有一定贡献.建议全面深入推进建筑装饰、餐饮油烟和汽车修补综合治理,同时关注沥青道路铺装VOCs排放和控制;持续优化生活源能源使用结构,因地制宜、多措并举地推进民用燃煤和家用生物质燃烧污染治理.     

龙岩市某铁锰矿区土壤重金属地球化学空间分布特征与来源分析

采集了龙岩市某铁锰矿区基岩-不同层位土壤配套样品,测试了其中重金属Pb、Cd和As含量,采用普通克里金插值法,研究了土壤中3种重金属元素的地球化学空间分布特征,分析了Pb、Cd和As的来源.结果表明,研究区地处汇水盆地中,高含量Pb和As主要分布于工作区西部靠近露天采场的区域,中部两支河流交汇处及东部废石堆附近,而Cd大面积集中于西部露天采场周边及选矿厂附近.从水平剖面看,3种重金属在土壤各层位高值区域的含量变化整体表现为随着与矿区水平距离的增加而逐渐降低的趋势.从垂向剖面看,重金属在不同层位土壤间的相关度高.Pb、Cd和As在西部距离露天采场较近的区域,含量随深度增加呈先升高再降低的趋势.在其他高值区域,3种重金属含量随深度增加而降低.不同层位土壤Pb和As含量与花岗岩、闪长岩中的含量均呈显著正相关关系,Pb和As继承了矿床及其周边母岩的特性.研究区重金属As虽受到矿山开采等人为影响,但影响程度不高.部分点位母质（岩）自身具有较高含量的重金属,同时,土壤中重金属Pb和Cd的含量显著高于岩石含量,甚至远远超过土壤风险筛选值,受工矿业、交通运输和农业生产等人类活动影响较大,存在点源污染,需关注其对农产品质量安全、农作物生长及土壤生态环境可能产生的风险.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养条件的筛选及脱硫效果研究

从湖南某煤矿附近的土壤中,分离出能有效脱除燃煤中硫的菌株TFD-9,鉴定为氧化亚铁硫杆菌。通过不同温度、pH值和底物浓度对TFD-9菌生物量的影响,确定了最适宜的培养条件;并试验了该菌株对不同能源物质的利用以及对煤的脱硫能力。实验表明:TFD-9菌的适宜生长条件为温度30℃、Fe2+浓度9g/L、pH值2.0,此时最大生物量达到9.26×107个/mL;菌株对能源物质的利用能力分别为Fe2+100%,S2O32-62%,S少于50%;生物处理20d燃煤总硫脱除率为75.6%,硫化物硫脱除率为82.75%。     

湖北孝感不同类型扬尘中黑碳的污染特征及来源分析

在湖北孝感采集5种不同类型扬尘(道路尘 、大气降尘 、堆场尘 、土壤尘和建筑尘)样品45个,并采用热光反射法测定其黑碳(BC)、焦炭和烟炱浓度.结果表明:(1)孝感扬尘中BC质量浓度为0.02～10.65 g/kg,平均值为1.45 g/kg,BC平均值表现为道路尘>土壤尘>建筑尘>大气降尘>堆场尘.(2)BC和总有机...     

东北三省工业废水污染物排放的时空变化规律研究

采用等标污染负荷法和GIS空间分析方法,针对改革开放和产业结构大调整前后的4个典型年份,从工业污染源空间特征出发分析了东北三省工业废水污染物排放的变化趋势,并详细讨论了重点污染物排放的时空演变规律. 结果表明:东北三省工业污染源主要分布在哈大铁路和高速公路沿线以及辽宁省中部及沿海地区,且有不断集中的趋势;工业废水排放总量以及污染物排放总量都呈不断减少的趋势;东北三省主要污染物为挥发酚,COD_Cr,石油类及汞;有机污染物排放量高于无机污染物,其中挥发酚、石油类的主要排放区域变化很大,污染物排放区域转移趋势明显;COD_Cr和汞的主要排放区域变化不大,有新污染城市出现; 20年间东北三省废水排放量比例变化不大,污染物等标污染负荷排名却变化很大.