粉煤灰利用研究现状及其在环境保护中的应用

在参阅文献的基础上，分析了粉煤灰的性质和研究现状，结果表明，粉煤灰的主要利用渠道仍然是水泥行业，同时指出，以环境保护为导向环保型产品高附加值产品的托贝莫来石、沸石和多孔陶瓷型产品的开发将成为未来粉煤灰利用的主导产品。     

Evaluating the impact of water conservation on fate of outdoor water use: a study in an arid region

In this research, the impact of several water conservation policies and return flow credits on the fate of water used outdoors in an arid region is evaluated using system dynamics modeling approach. Return flow credits is a strategy where flow credits are obtained for treated wastewater returned to a water body, allowing for the withdrawal of additional water equal to the amount returned as treated wastewater. In the return credit strategy, treated wastewater becomes a resource. This strategy creates a conundrum in which conservation may lead to an apparent decrease in water supply because less wastewater is generated and returned to water body. The water system of the arid Las Vegas Valley in Nevada, USA is used as basis for the dynamic model. The model explores various conservation scenarios to attain the daily per capita demand target of 752 l by 2035: (i) status quo situation where conservation is not implemented, (ii) conserving water only on the outdoor side, (iii) conserving water 67% outdoor and 33% indoor, (iv) conserving equal water both in the indoor and outdoor use (v) conserving water only on the indoor side. The model is validated on data from 1993 to 2008 and future simulations are carried out up to 2035. The results show that a substantial portion of the water used outdoor either evapo-transpires (ET) or infiltrates to shallow groundwater (SGW). Sensitivity analysis indicated that seepage to groundwater is more susceptible to ET compared to any other variable. The all outdoor conservation scenario resulted in the highest return flow credits and the least ET and SGW. A major contribution of this paper is in addressing the water management issues that arise when wastewater is considered as a resource and developing appropriate conservation policies in this backdrop. The results obtained can be a guide in developing outdoor water conservation policies in arid regions.     

Protecting the environment through public procurement: The case of South Africa

This article deals with the use of the procurement or purchasing power of governments to protect the environment. The focus is on South Africa and the aim is to show that South African organs of state can use procurement as an environmental policy tool to contribute to sustainable development as they have commendably done so to address past discriminatory policies and practices. It is argued that such use does not fall outside the current legislative framework governing procurement and suggestions are made as to how environmental considerations could be incorporated throughout the procurement process, namely the preparatory stage; the drawing up of tender or technical specifications; ensuring the capability or responsibility of contractors; the use of criteria to compare different tenders; and ensuring that eventual performance under a contract is environmentally sound.     

Economic and social effects analysis of mineral development in China and policy implications

Mineral development has contributed greatly to China's economic and social development. Many challenges remain, however, including environmental pollution and resource waste in practice, as well as a dearth of systematic theoretical research. The goal of this study is to analyze the economic and social effects of various mineral developments in China from diversified perspectives, so as to provide the basis for the formulation of China's mineral development policy. The input–output effects, industrial linkage effects and income distribution effects of different mining industries are quantitatively analyzed by adopting basic hypotheses of input–output economics, industrial linkage model and income distribution antitheses based on the latest available official data from China Statistical Yearbook from 2004 to 2010 and the 2007 Input–Output Table of China. The empirical results obtained in this study indicate that all mineral development industries, especially coal mining and washing, and petroleum and natural gas extraction industries, have given a strong impetus to the increase of China's fixed asset investment and GDP. Moreover, they have provided a large number of jobs, thereby alleviating ongoing employment pressure, and they have also played a positive role in promoting China's technology investment. The analysis of industrial linkages demonstrates that mining industries are basic to the national economy and produce a significant impetus to its downstream industries, but create weak pull effects in terms of national economic development. From the perspective of income distribution, mining industries play an important role in increasing China's fiscal revenue and per capital income. Hence, China's mineral development policy should (1) encourage additional investment in technology for exploration and development to insure sufficient supply and expand the input effects; (2) attract additional talent to work in remote regions; (3) optimize the industrial structure and promote the industrial transformation in resource regions; (4) adjust the interest distribution between the central and local governments to enable the local regions to become more self-sufficient; and (5) enhance the legal environment so that companies can more readily undertake their social responsibilities voluntarily.     

我国城市大气污染控制综合管理对策

为探索"十二五"期间我国大气污染控制途径,本文针对我国大气颗粒物污染的区域性、复合性、复杂性特征和控制与治理任务的严峻形势,在回顾、总结和系统分析我国大气污染控制的历程和经验基础上,解析我国大气颗粒物的主要来源和途径,探讨大气颗粒物控制综合管理模式,提出大气颗粒物污染控制的相应政策建议。当前颗粒物成为我国大气污染最主要的污染物,且成为城市环境质量达标的关键指标,而目前大气环境质量管理体制和政策不能有效地解决颗粒物污染问题。因此,必须以保护人民身体健康为出发点,以改善城市和区域大气环境质量为目标,以削减一次颗粒物排放量为主线,以控制PM10、PM2.5以及其他污染物为重点,以科学的环境政策和产业与能源战略优化经济发展,综合运用法律、经济、信息、行政、技术等综合措施,尽快制定实施《城市环境空气质量综合管理办法》和《城市环境空气质量达标规划编制技术指南》,构建全国大气颗粒物污染控制政策措施体系。     

排污单位排污许可证申请说明示例研究

改革后排污许可制实施以来,积累了宝贵的经验和做法,也暴露出了技术层面操作的问题。文中从技术角度探讨分析排污单位的申请材料填报情况,结合有关要求创新性示范制定了“排污单位排污许可证申请说明”,以期做到排污单位“说得清”、核发单位“审得明”,提高排污许可证申请与核发效率。     

我国二恶英和多氯联苯的研究现状及对策分析

为了解二恶英(PCDD/Fs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)在中国的研究水平、研究能力和驱动力,本文对有关研究论文的数量、题材、内容、资助来源和研究机构进行了系统调查和分析。调查发现,国内相关研究尚处在起步阶段,研究的方向和重点还需要进一步调整,研究能力有限,研究机构间合作交流不充分。针对这些问题,提出了相应的对策建议。     

电子束烟气治理技术的应用

简述了电子束烟气治理技术研究结果基础上的工业规模装置的工艺流程，介绍了１０万ｋＷ级发电机组烟气治理示范装置的主要设计参数及其可行性方案概述。     

Conceptualizing controversies in the EU circular bioeconomy transition

The transition towards a circular bioeconomy (CBE) in the European Union is not without contestation. In particular, research has highlighted potential trade-offs of the large-scale production of bio-resources, for instance with environmental quality goals. To date, however, it remains underexplored in the CBE literature how controversies develop throughout a transition process. To address this gap, this paper explores where controversies are situated in a transition, how they change throughout, and how they influence the transition process. First, we suggest that controversies can be situated on and between different system layers within a transition. Second, we offer an explanation of how controversies evolve, as actors confirm, integrate, disintegrate and polarize underlying storylines. Third, these controversies can have both productive and unproductive outcomes while they unfold throughout a transition. We illustrate this understanding with the example of biorefineries as CBE key technology and discuss a research agenda on controversies in sustainability transitions.     

Assessment of the coherence of the Swiss waste wood management

Waste wood recovery by thermal treatment with energy recovery or by recycling allows the substitution and conservation of primary resources. Swiss government notes the potential presence of tensions between policies which simultaneously encourage the cascade use of wood, the recycling or the energy recovery by thermal treatment of waste wood. The aim of the present research is to assess the coherence of waste wood management in Switzerland by a quantitative and qualitative approach. First, a material flow analysis allows to model the wood resources and waste wood metabolism over one century. The simulation results of various scenarios of waste wood management establish that the additional impacts of the immediate thermal treatment are less significant for the reduction of CO₂eq emissions but more significant for the energy production than its cascade treatments on Swiss territory. Secondly, a documentary analysis examines the determinants of the current waste wood treatments prevailing in Switzerland. Thus, the causes of the strong presence on Swiss territory of the sector of thermal treatment, the export of almost half of waste wood generated and the sub-exploitation of Swiss forest act as barriers or drivers that result in introducing a crowding-out effect where no amount of waste wood is available for recycling in Switzerland. The comparison of the results of the two approaches leads to the conclusion that the current waste wood management is coherent in relation to the various goals of the Swiss federal policies but the waste wood potential for energy production is not fully exploited. The recommendations on the waste wood management and the possibilities to use the model for other case studies are given in the conclusion.