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71.
72.
The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders. 相似文献
73.
A. G. Coon 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1989,32(2):77-85
The present development plan system in Scotland began in 1975. Its origins and purpose are discussed. Progress in the submission and adoption/approval of local and structure plans and in reviewing these plans is outlined. Performance to date is assessed and means of improvement are suggested, in relation to timeliness, transparency, scope and quality. 相似文献
74.
Handmer JW 《Disasters》1985,9(4):279-285
In 1977 the Government of New South Wales introduced a flood prone lands policy which attempted to break with the past emphasis on structural works. Cornerstones of the policy were the preparation of floodplain maps, and use of the 1:100 (100 year or 1%) flood to delineate floodplains and 1:20 flood for floodway definition. The fiscal and regulatory elements of the policy were to be applied more or less uniformly within the two zones. At first there was little effective opposition to the program, but this changed when large areas of Sydney, which had not been inundated since development, were mapped. Local government concern over issues of legal liability led to decisions which in turn prompted opposition to the policy from residents' action groups and property development interests. A perceived drop in property values provided the main motivation for action by residents. This pressure for change, which intensified just before the 1984 state election, saw the policy overturned.
The new policy gives local government greater responsibility for floodplain management. State authorities have withdrawn from floodplain mapping, although technical advice will continue to be provided, and there are no longer any uniform floodplain or floodway definitions. Policy implementation is to be guided by a Manual which attempts to define flood hazard in terms of both physical and social criteria. 相似文献
The new policy gives local government greater responsibility for floodplain management. State authorities have withdrawn from floodplain mapping, although technical advice will continue to be provided, and there are no longer any uniform floodplain or floodway definitions. Policy implementation is to be guided by a Manual which attempts to define flood hazard in terms of both physical and social criteria. 相似文献
75.
Stephen R. Dovers 《Environmental management》1990,14(3):297-305
This article examines the concept of sustainability (sustainable development, sustainable societies) with a view to providing
a means of considering the idea in such a way as to be more useful to concerns of policy. A brief background is given, covering
the historical development of the concept, the constituent ecological and social concerns that lie behind it, and some aspects
of the sustainability debate in Australia. Some attributes of a sustainable future, as evident from the literature, are listed.
The value base of the concept is recognized, and the correct place for sustainability concerns is identified within a simple
policy-making model. The complexity of such a model in the real world is explored using a list of thecontexts of sustainability, illustrated with examples from Australian natural resource management.
Finally, the more dynamic and flexible nature of patterns of production and consumption in more sustainable societies is recognized
and explained, as are two guiding directives to be applied in the search for models which display characteristics of sustainability. 相似文献
76.
77.
On integration of policies for climate and global change 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hadi Dowlatabadi 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):651-663
Currently envisaged mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions will be insufficient to appreciably limit climate change
and its impacts. Adaptation holds the promise of ameliorating the impacts on a small subset of systems being affected. There
is no question that both will be needed. However, climate change is only part of a broader multi-stress setting of global
through to local changes. Privileging climate related policies over other concerns leads to tragic outcomes. Climate policies
need to be designed for and integrated into this broader and challenging context. This paper focuses on placing climate change
within the broader context of global change and the importance of aligning climate policy objectives with the myriad other
policies that still need to be implemented if our primary goal is improving human welfare rather than limiting our focus to
climate change and its impacts. 相似文献
78.
指明了“洁净技术”的合理含义 ,阐述了英国“洁净技术”的内容和政府主要部的研究项目 ,介绍了近年来英国新的重点研究领域与政府支持“洁净技术”的政策措施 ,讨论了英国“洁净技术”政策的意义 ,及其对我国“洁净技术”开发和应用的启示 相似文献
79.
1 全球城市化发展趋势随着人类文明的进步、社会生产技术和组织形式的发展以及居住方式的变化 ,城市作为人类居住的载体 ,不断处于变化之中。在发展变化过程中 ,古老的农村文化逐步让位于新兴的城市文明 ,传统的男耕女织农业生产逐步被现代的机械化工业生产取代 ,小桥流水人家的村庄逐步为车水马龙的城市淹没。 2 0 0 0年是极不寻常的一年 ,对人类发展的历史来说标志着新世纪和新千年的开始 ,对世界城市化过程来说标志着世界开始进入城市化的时代 ,一半以上人居住在城市 ,城市人口达到 30亿。在这样的背景条件下 ,世界城市化的趋势将会出现… 相似文献
80.