从产权理论角度试论富余排污量交易制度

通过阐述产权理论的基本观点 ,分析了环境资源的产权特性 ,指出了建立与污染物排放总量控制政策相配套的富余排污量交易制度对明确环境资源的产权关系、促进外部不经济的内部化、实现资源的有效配置、激励企业积极进行污染的治理、降低污染防治的交易成本、以及有效促进环境质量的改善和提高的重要意义。富余排污量交易制度能为实现城市环境和经济的同步可持续发展奠定宏观基础 ,其应成为现代环境保护制度的一个重要研究发展方向     

优先污染物优先监测的环境要素研究

根据污染物的理化性质、毒性持久性、生物积累性及其在环境中的归宿，研究、推荐了６８种中国环境优先污染物优先监测的环境要素。主要环境要素为水、底泥、生物群和大气等。     

硅藻土复合材料净化室内空气的实验研究

利用硅藻土复合材料对室内空气中三种主要污染物甲醛、氨和苯进行了净化研究,比较了普通硅藻土和硅藻土复合材料对三种污染物的去除效果。测试了硅藻土复合材料的平衡吸附量,及其在空气流速、净化时间和吸附剂量条件下对污染物去除率的影响。结果表明:硅藻土复合材料的净化性能优于普通硅藻土,对甲醛、氨和苯的平衡吸附量分别为132μg/g、95μg/g和87μg/g,最佳去除率分别为67%、91%和53%,吸附剂量在一定范围内改变对硅藻土复合材料的净化效率影响不大,而空气流速和净化时间存在最佳值。     

含氧替代燃料燃烧污染物排放特点浅析

综合分析了含氧替代燃料的来源、成份和燃烧后尾气排放特性．着重阐述了含氧替代燃料应用中污染物排放特点：虽然含氧替代燃料燃烧过程中二氧化硫、一氧化碳、炭氢化合物和煤烟等常规污染物排放明显降低，但醇和醛类等非常规污染物排放会明显增加，这些非常规污染物的排放及环境影响在国内还没有引起足够的重视，需要对含氧替代燃料应用过程中非常规污染物的排放特性及抑制机理进行更深入的研究。     

Dioxins in the Venice lagoon

Venice is famous around the world for its uniqueness and architectural splendours, arts and the history of the “Serenissima Repubblica”, as it was known in the past, but few are aware that Venice economy is strongly dependent on the industrial activities based mainly on the adjacent Porto Marghera area. For many years, the lagoon that physically separates the city from the dry land has avoided association between the concern connected with the pollution derived from these industrial activities and the public perception of Venice. Since 1995, dioxins have appeared as a lagoon contaminant, and their presence, at such a level requiring immediate “in depth” studies and interventions, has been fully realized for decades.     

Lead and cadmium concentrations in shorebirds from the Yeongjong Island, Korea

This study presents concentration levels of pollutants (lead, and cadmium) in tissues (livers, kidneys, muscles, and bones) of shorebirds (Kentish Plovers (n = 5), Mongolian Plovers (n = 2), Dunlins (n = 6), Great Knots (n = 10), Terek Sandpipers (n = 10)) from Yeongjong Island, Korea in the East Asian–Australian migration flyways during the autumn migration in 1994–1995. Lead concentrations in livers, in kidneys, in muscles, and in bones were significantly different among shorebird species. Lead concentrations in livers of Kentish Plovers (4.76 ± 2.72 μg/wet g), Mongolian Plovers (2.05 μg/wet g), Dunlins (3.77 ± 1.07 μg/wet g), and Great Knots (4.27 ± 3.19 μg/wet g) were less than the toxic level, and lead concentrations in livers of Terek Sandpipers (1.20 ± 0.94 μg/wet g) were at the background level. Cadmium concentrations in livers, in kidneys, in muscles, and in bones did not vary among shorebirds, and concentrations of cadmium in livers and in kidneys were at background level (respectively, approximate 1 μg/wet g, approximate 2.67 μg/wet g) in all shorebird species. We suggest that interspecific differences of lead and cadmium concentrations were attributed to differences in exposure time and differences of diet, microhabitats in wintering ground. In livers and kidney of shorebirds from Yeongjong Island, lead and cadmium concentrations were higher than other locations previously reported.     

汽油车BASM排放检测方法关联规则研究

应用数据挖掘法对3720台次汽油车的BASM排放检测数据进行关联性分析,对汽车BASM排放检测方法中检测工况及排放污染物检测项目CO、HC、NOx间关联性进行研究,得出在BASM 5024工况下没有通过检测的车辆在BASM 2540工况检测的通过率只有5．7％,CO检测合格对HC的检测合格有76．5％的支持度,HC检测合格对NOx检测合格的支持度为58．9％,说明BASM 5024与BASM 2540检测工况具有较高的关联性,HC与CO存在较高的关联度,而HC与NOx的关联度不高。     

浅谈总量监测审验

总结了总量监测存在的问题,提出必须加强对总量监测的审验,阐述了总量监测审验的主要内容和操作。     

上海市典型综合型地下空间空气污染特征分析

对上海市某综合型城市地下空间空气进行采样、监测,得到CO 2、TVOC、甲醛、微生物、PM 10、PM 2.5等6类污染物的特征分布,基于国内外不同的空气质量标准作分析比较。结果表明,该典型综合型地下空间的空气污染情况较普遍,其中甲醛、TVOC污染较为突出,平均浓度超标倍数分别为1.056倍、3.755倍;共发现9种潜在致病菌属,占总数的0.893%。地下空间污染物的累积与内部建筑的设计、装修、功能属性、空调系统等众多因素有关。     

Oxidation of inorganic contaminants by ferrates (VI, V, and IV)--kinetics and mechanisms: a review

Inorganic contaminants are found in water, wastewaters, and industrial effluents and their oxidation using iron based oxidants is of great interest because such oxidants possess multi-functional properties and are environmentally benign. This review makes a critical assessment of the kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation reactions by ferrates (Fe(VI)O(4)(2-), Fe(V)O(4)(3-), and Fe(IV)). The rate constants (k, M(-1) s(-1)) for a series of inorganic compounds by ferrates are correlated with thermodynamic oxidation potentials. Correlations agree with the mechanisms of oxidation involving both one-electron and two-electron transfer processes to yield intermediates and products of the reactions. Case studies are presented which demonstrate that inorganic contaminants can be degraded in seconds to minutes by ferrate(VI) with the formation of non-toxic products.