我国主要污染物排放强度区域特征分析研究

文章以我国2012年化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟粉尘和工业固体废物等6种主要污染物的综合排放量与工业排放量数据为依据,应用层次分析赋权方法,测算了不同省份的综合污染值,对我国的污染物综合排放情况进行了评价分析。并与2005年相关研究成果进行了对比分析,找出了我国在污染物排放、治理方面取得的成果与存在的问题,针对我国不同区域的地域、经济、产业等特征要素提出了相应的政策建议。     

污染物排放总量预算管理制度框架设计

从我国污染减排形势及实际环境管理需求出发,分析了实施污染物排放总量预算管理制度的意义,明晰了这项制度的定义及实施的理论基础,并从国家层面首次提出了污染物排放总量预算管理制度的适用范围、总体框架、基本原则、实施技术方法及管理方法。     

“土壤环境质量标准”编制进展

报导了国内外在编制“土壤环境质量标准”的最新进展，论述了编制时应考虑到的一些关键因素，主要包括，编制时依据的技术路线，污染物的种类和形态，土壤性质（ＰＨ、有机质、Ｅｈ、Ｒ２Ｏ３的类型和含量、阳离子代换量和质地）和作物因素，简介了我国最近新编制完成的“土壤环境质量标准”的主要内容，并建议今后补充和进一步完善的部分。     

阴阳极协同作用降解有机污染物的研究进展

电化学法催化降解有机污染物已引起广泛兴趣。在电极的作用下,电化学反应和化学催化作用结合,可导致有机分子的电催化降解。选用合适的阳极和阴极材料可以加速电化学反应速率,有助于有机物的电化学转化。本文介绍了阳极和阴极氧化有机物的原理,综述了近年来阴阳两极协同作用降解有机物的进展。     

A multidisciplinary weight of evidence approach for classifying polluted sediments: Integrating sediment chemistry, bioavailability, biomarkers responses and bioassays

Evaluation of chemical bioavailability and onset of biological alterations is fundamental to assess the hazard of environmental pollutants, particularly when associated to sediments which need to be removed. In the present work, five sediment samples were collected from the Venice Lagoon and data from sediment chemistry were integrated with those of bioaccumulation of chemicals in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) exposed under laboratory conditions, responses of a wide battery of biomarkers, and standardized ecotoxicological bioassays. The overall results were elaborated within a recently developed, software-assisted weight of evidence (WOE) model which provides synthetic indices for each of considered line of evidence (LOE), before a general evaluation of sediment hazard. Levels of chemicals in sediments were not particularly elevated when compared to sediment quality guidelines of Venice Protocol. On the other hand, bioavailability was evident in some samples for Cd, Cu, Zn and, especially, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The ecotoxicological approach provided further evidence on the biological and potentially harmful effects due to released contaminants, and oxidative-mediated responses appeared of primary importance in modulating sublethal responses and the onset of cellular alterations. Biomarkers variations were sensitive, and more evident variations included significant changes of cytochrome P450 biotransformation pathway, antioxidant responses, onset of oxidative damages, lysosomal membrane stability and genotoxic effects. The results obtained from the battery of bioassays indicated that responses measured at organism level were in general accordance but less marked compared to the onset of sublethal changes measured through biomarkers. Overall this study revealed differences when comparing evaluations obtained from different LOEs, confirming the importance of considering synergistic effects between chemicals in complex mixtures. Compared to a qualitative pass-fail approach toward normative values, the proposed WOE model allowed a quantitative characterization of sediment hazard and a better discrimination of on the basis of various types of chemical and biological data.     

沈阳市大气污染物总量控制的探讨

根据辽宁省下达给沈阳市的大气污染物总量控制目标，对沈阳市大气污染物进行总量目标分配．提出总量控制措施，实现对沈阳市大气污染的总量控制管理，为经济发展提供一定的环境容量，推动全市技术进步和经济发展     

城市污水厂污泥中重金属去除及其土地利用的研究现状

污泥中富含磷、氮和钾等农作物需要的营养物质,但碍于污泥中残留的重金属离子而难以使用.文章介绍了污泥中重金属的存在形式及作用机理,综述了几种能有效去除重金属的方法(吸附法、淋滤法和化学法),分析了各种方法的优缺点、影响因素、处理效果、适用范围及处理后土地利用的现状,以期处理后的污泥能够作为农用土地,减轻剩余污泥二次污染危...