单嘧磺隆正辛醇-水分配系数的测定

本文建立了水中微量单嘧磺隆的测定方法 ,方法的平均添加回收率为 97 6%—1 0 1 93%,变异系数为 0 47%— 3 96%,单嘧磺隆的最小检出量为 2× 1 0 - 9g ,最小检出浓度为 0 0 2 μg·ml- 1 .摇瓶法对单嘧磺隆正辛醇 水分配系数的测定结果表明 ,单嘧磺隆在二次蒸馏水和pH 7 0缓冲液中的Kow分别为 3 90± 0 1 4和 2 1 9± 0 1 4 ,lgKow分别为 0 5 9± 0 0 3和 0 34± 0 0 6,在双蒸水中的测定结果与EPIWIN程序的预测结果一致     

Wintertime Surface Heat Exchange for the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River

This study analyzed the wintertime surface heat exchange for the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, China, based on the data from the nearby weather station at Wulateqianqi. In this analysis, the solar radiation is based on the observed data. Other components of the surface heat flux, that is, long‐wave radiation, and evaporative and conductive heat fluxes, are calculated. The relative importance of the contributions of long‐wave radiation, conductive, and evaporative heat fluxes are in descending order. The air temperature is the most important meteorological factor to the total heat flux. Although the wind speed influences evaporative and conductive heat fluxes, it has the least correlation with the total heat budget. The heat exchange coefficient for the linearized surface heat exchange equation is 21.87 W/(m² °C), which is comparable with published values in the regions of United States and Canada with similar latitudes.     

降雨引发排土场滑坡的预警准则研究*

为降低降雨引发排土场滑坡的风险,提出更加科学、实用的降雨滑坡预警准则,以贵州某矿山排土场的实际情况为例,建立排土场在线监测预警系统,并基于FLAC3D软件,对安全系数与边坡位移的关系以及降雨与边坡位移的关系进行数值模拟。结果表明:降雨是影响排土场滑坡的主要因素,且降雨影响具有滞后性,降雨量可作为排土场滑坡的预警指标;排土场滑坡预警等级与排土场安全系数存在密切相关性,可根据排土场安全系数确定滑坡红、橙、黄、蓝预警等级;可根据模拟结果确定降雨引发排土场滑坡的预警准则。研究结果具有较强的实用性,为排土场滑坡事故的预防和控制提供科学指导。     

上海市典型综合型地下空间空气污染特征分析

对上海市某综合型城市地下空间空气进行采样、监测,得到CO 2、TVOC、甲醛、微生物、PM 10、PM 2.5等6类污染物的特征分布,基于国内外不同的空气质量标准作分析比较。结果表明,该典型综合型地下空间的空气污染情况较普遍,其中甲醛、TVOC污染较为突出,平均浓度超标倍数分别为1.056倍、3.755倍;共发现9种潜在致病菌属,占总数的0.893%。地下空间污染物的累积与内部建筑的设计、装修、功能属性、空调系统等众多因素有关。     

基于环境基尼系数的控制单元水污染负荷分配优化研究

将基尼系数这一福利经济学概念引入松花江流域水污染物负荷分配过程,综合考虑水循环的社会-经济-资源-环境因素,从社会经济发展、科技进步水平、水污染治理水平和资源禀赋差异角度出发,遴选出人均GDP、重污染行业总产值比重、人均水污染物产生强度、工业水污染物去除率、生活水污染物去除率、单位国土面积水资源量、国控劣Ⅴ类断面占比7项指标,以COD及NH_3-N负荷为控制因子,辅以贡献系数这一表征外部不公平性参数,构建了以基尼系数为度量标准的流域水污染负荷优化分配模型,并据此制订了松花江流域33个控制单元基于公平性的水污染负荷分配方案。研究表明,2012年松花江流域基于7项指标的基尼系数值均大于0.4,超过了基尼系数合理警戒线,说明流域控制单元间COD及NH_3-N排放在社会经济和资源环境方面存在不公平现象,其中松花江干流和第二松花江流域是不公平性特征最为突出的两个流域。在Lingo模型优化分配得到的2020年流域各单元COD削减方案中,单元21的年削减量最大,为1.82万t/a,单元10的年均削减率最高,达8%;在相应NH_3-N削减方案中,单元21的年削减量及削减率均为最大,分别达到0.08万t/a及8%。     

Performance evaluation of a horizontal axis wind turbine in operation

The operation of modern horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) includes a number of important factors, such as wind power (P), power coefficient (C_P), axial flow induction factor (a), rotational speed (Ω), tip speed ratio (λ), and thrust force (T). The aerodynamic qualities of these aspects are evaluated and discussed in this study. For this aim, the measured data are obtained from the Sebenoba Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP) that is located in the Sebenoba region in Hatay, Turkey, and a wind turbine with a capacity of 2 MW is selected for evaluation. According to the results obtained, the maximum turbine power output, maximum power coefficient, maximum axial flow induction factor, maximum thrust force, optimum rotational speed, probability density of optimum rotational speed, and optimum tip speed ratio are found to be 2 MW, 30%, 0.091, 140 kN, 16.11 rpm, 46.76%, and 7, respectively. This study has revealed that wind turbines must work under optimum conditions in order to extract as much energy as possible for approaching the ideal limit.     

大气化学非均相反应摄取系数的测定

摄取系数是表征大气非均相反应的重要物理化学参数,也是大气颗粒物表面摄取气体能力的重要量化指标.本文综述了摄取系数的主要概念、主要测定方法和影响因素,以NaCl与NO2非均相反应为例,讨论了用漫反射傅立叶转换红外原位反应器扩散实验方式测定反应摄取系数的方法和误差,分析了气体扩散深度与红外穿透厚度对测定结果的影响,并测定了初始反应摄取系数.     

Correlation of Black Smoke and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Through Field Testing of in-Use Diesel Vehicles

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) uses water clarity as a water quality indicator for integrated assessments of coastal waters. After the publication of the first National Coastal Condition Report (USEPA, 2001c), the national water clarity reference value of 10% of ambient surface light at 1~m depth was reevaluated and modified to reflect expected differences in regional reference light conditions. These regional differences range from naturally turbid estuaries like those found in Mississippi and Louisiana to clear water estuaries expected to support extensive beds of submerged aquatic vegetation in, e.g., Florida and Tampa Bays. For the second National Coastal Condition Report, water clarity was assessed based on regional reference values (USEPA, 2004). Different regional water clarity reference values and data collection methods necessitated the development of a water clarity index based on light attenuation coefficients (k). This index incorporates regional reference conditions and is interchangeable with secchi depth and percent light transmission calculated from light meter measurements. Evaluation of the water clarity index shows that k values based on transmissivity at 1~m can be estimated from secchi depth measurements and successfully used as a surrogate for transmissivity calculated from light meter data. An approach for assessing water clarity in Gulf of Mexico estuaries using light meter data and secchi depth is presented.     

纤维束滤床直接过滤动力学模型

应用单位床单元概念和圆柱池多孔介质模型,推导得到上向流纤维束滤床初始过滤系数表达式,其中收集效率由操作参数构成的无量纲数群关联得到,并据此探讨了悬浮颗粒的去除机理.假设过滤系数是滤床比表面积和空隙流速的函数,推得过滤系数的半经验公式,进而得到了过滤动力学模型.模型中的参数被赋予了明确的物理意义,且能反映操作条件对动力学行为的影响.在不同尺寸悬浮颗粒和不同表观滤速下进行了过滤实验.模型预测值与实验结果比较表明,二者具有一致性.     

汽油车BASM排放检测方法关联规则研究

应用数据挖掘法对3720台次汽油车的BASM排放检测数据进行关联性分析,对汽车BASM排放检测方法中检测工况及排放污染物检测项目CO、HC、NOx间关联性进行研究,得出在BASM 5024工况下没有通过检测的车辆在BASM 2540工况检测的通过率只有5．7％,CO检测合格对HC的检测合格有76．5％的支持度,HC检测合格对NOx检测合格的支持度为58．9％,说明BASM 5024与BASM 2540检测工况具有较高的关联性,HC与CO存在较高的关联度,而HC与NOx的关联度不高。