江苏省胶合板行业甲醛污染特征及排放系数

以年产量超过10 000 m3的生产企业为研究对象,采用现场调研与采样检测相结合的方法,分析江苏省胶合板行业甲醛污染特征和排放系数。筛选60家典型企业,计算其甲醛排放系数R值（甲醛/胶粘剂）和K值（甲醛/产值）两个指标,结果表明,该省胶合板企业R均值为0.001 65 kg/kg,K均值为0.46 kg/万元。使用酚醛树脂胶的胶合板经济附加值最高,且对大气环境更友好,脲醛树脂胶的甲醛排放系数最高,应逐步减少使用。     

南京市典型地区大气多环芳烃污染特征及健康风险评价

采用气相色谱-质谱法,于2016年9月和12月对南京市2个典型地区大气中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的质量浓度进行分析,并开展了PAHs组成特征、来源解析及人体健康风险评价研究。结果表明,工业区(六合区)和生活区(江宁区)大气(气态和可吸入颗粒态)中16种PAHs的质量浓度分别为914.82和712.27 ng/m~3,苯并[a]芘毒性等效浓度分别为274.1和309.84 ng/m~3,且呈现冬季高、秋季低的特征。比值法源解析结果表明,燃煤污染是六合区PAHs污染主要来源,而江宁区主要表现为交通污染。人体健康风险评价结果表明,六合区和江宁区人群通过大气吸入PAHs的超额致癌风险分别为5.17×10~(-5)和5.85×10~(-5),均略高于可接受水平10~(-6)。     

北京山区植被恢复建设对流域径流量影响研究

植被恢复是山区保持水土资源、恢复生态环境的关键措施.为探究植被恢复对流域产水量的影响,以密云水库集水区红门川森林流域为研究对象,采用Mann-Kendall非参数趋势检验、基于分离评判原理的水文分析法、Zhang(2001)模型等方法,定量分析了1989－2009年间北京山区气候及森林变化对流域径流量的影响.研究结果表明:红门川流域年降水及产流性降水量在研究时段内均呈波动下降趋势(P>0.05);流域年径流呈显著性减少趋势,且年径流量在1998 年前后发生减少突变(P<0.01);气候变化对红门川流域径流减少贡献率为43%,植被恢复建设导致的森林数量及质量变化对流域径流减少贡献率为18.6%,其他人类活动影响贡献率为38.4%.综合比较得知,与植被恢复建设相比,降水减少对山区产水量减少影响更大.研究结果可为北京山区森林流域水土资源规划及管理提供参考.     

Cars on crutches: How much abatement do smog check repairs actually provide?

Not as much abatement as has been presumed. Smog check programs aim to curb tailpipe emissions from in-use vehicles by requiring repairs whenever emissions, measured at regular time intervals, exceed a certain threshold. Using data from California, we estimate that on average 41% of the initial emissions abatement from repairs is lost by the time of the subsequent inspection, normally two years later. Our estimates imply that the cost per pound of pollution avoided is an order of magnitude greater for smog check repairs than alternative policies such as new-vehicle standards or emissions trading among industrial point sources.     

Indicating landfill stabilization state by using leachate property from Laogang Refuse Landfill

Variation and evolution process of leachate can be applied as a reference for landfill stabilization phase. In this work, leachates with different ages were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, and characterized with 14 key parameters. Simultaneously, principal component analysis （PCA） was applied to develop a synthetic parameter-F based on these 14 parameters, and a logarithm equation was simulated for the landfill stabilization process finally. It was predicted that leachates would meet Class I and Class II in standard for pollution control on the landfill site of municipal solid waste （GB 16889-1997） after 32 years and 22 years disposal under the natural attenuation in the humid and warm southern areas of China, respectively. The predication of landfill state would be more accurate and useful according to the synthetic parameter F of leachate from a working landfill.     

Validation of the UN test method N.5

Many substances react with water in such a way that flammable gases are formed. For transport issues this reaction may possess a considerable hazard especially if the cargo is wetted by rain or by water from other sources. In the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods these kinds of problems are addressed. The UN test N.5 “Test method for substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases” corresponds to this hazard. Classification according to the test method is done by measurement of the gas evolution rate of the flammable gas by any suitable procedure. At BAM a gravimetric approach is used to measure the gas evolution rate. In this paper we present the evaluation of the apparatus by means of an absolute calibration routine utilizing a reaction where a known amount of gas is produced as well as the evaluation of important parameters influencing the gas evolution rate using different substances. It can be shown that the apparatus is capable of measuring absolute gas volumes as low as 6 mL with an acceptable error of about 17% as determined from the reaction of Mg with demineralized water.     

某水电站库首右岸拉裂变形体形成机理研究

某水电站库首右岸存在一个拉裂变形体,低线施工公路从陡峭拉裂变形体山坡下部通过。低线公路开挖完成后路堑边坡发生局部塌滑,于2003年5月在其上部形成浅层滑坡体(1000多方)。结合拉裂变形体的分析和治理工作,在统计分析大量勘探资料的基础上,提出了该拉裂变形体是边坡在自重应力和构造应力的复合应力场下快速却荷引起岩体的浅表生改造,形成如荷松动岩体,后期在低线公路祠室大爆破开挖施工、下部坡体切脚和基雨的影响下形成浅层滑坡体,并逐步向上扩展的形成机理。     

Ecological selection of bacterial taxa with larger genome sizes in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons stress

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous priority pollutants that cause great damage to the natural environment and health. Average genome size in a community is critical for shedding light on microbiome’s functional response to pollution stress within an environment. Here, microcosms under different concentrations were performed to evaluate the selection of PAHs stress on the average genome size in a community. We found the distinct communities of significantly larger genome size w...     

Prices vs quantities with multiple pollutants

We examine the choice of policy instruments (price, quantity or a mix of the two) when two pollutants are regulated and firms' abatement costs are private information. Whether abatement efforts are complements or substitutes is key determining the choice of policies. When pollutants are complements, a mixed policy instrument with a tax on one pollutant and a quota on another is sometimes preferable even if the pollutants are identical in terms of benefits and costs of abatement. Yet, if they are substitutes, the mixed policy is dominated by taxes or quotas.     

An evidence of salinity impact on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes collected from the Messolonghi lagoon in Greece

The impact of salinity and water exchange rate on the accumulation of heavy metals in the benthic fish Zosterissesor ophiocephalus, collected from the shallow sublagoons Tholi and Paleopotamos, was studied. Both sublagoons are influenced by the intensive agricultural activity of the surrounding area in terms of the chemical substances’ drainage, and by the untreated sewage discharges of an urbanized area with Paleopotamos being affected in lesser extent. Paleopotamos is characterised by restricted water renovation, resulting to much higher salinity than Tholi. The bioaccumulation of the heavy metals studied (Manganese, Zinc and Copper), reveals differences among the metals with females showing higher values. Specimens from Paleopotamos showed statistically significant higher bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in both sexes, which is attributed to the extremely high salinity of this sublagoon.