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531.
以黄淮海流域为案例,将其涵盖生态环境和社会经济用水的水资源利用系统作为研究对象,构建多流域生态网络模型,从系统整体角度自上而下对其进行描述并开展生态网络分析,通过系统整体分析指标的计算,对黄淮海流域在2003~2014年期间系统结构特征的演化进行了分析.研究结果表明,2003~2014年期间,通过"十一五"、"十二五"规划所开展的多项水资源可持续利用措施的实施,系统受到来自外界环境的压力和干扰有所减小,系统逐渐趋于稳定,但却仍存在着生态用水量严重短缺的问题,系统的可持续性还有待进一步研究和提高. 相似文献
532.
Haoyu Jiang Renjun Zhou Ying Yang Baowei Chen Zhineng Cheng Mengdi Zhang Jun Li Gan Zhang Shichun Zou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(7):125-132
Previous studies on environmental antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs) have focused on the pollution sources such as wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture and livestock farms,etc. Few of them had addressed this issue in a regional scale such as river catchment. Hence,the occurrence and abundances of 23 ARGs were investigated in surface water samples collected from 38 sites which located from the river source to estuary of the Beijiang River.Among them, 11 ARGs were frequently detected in this region and 5 ARGs(sul I, sul II, tet B,tet C, and tet W) were selected for their distribution pattern analysis. The abundances of the selected ARGs were higher in the upstream(8.70 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA) and downstream areas(3.17 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA) than those in the midstream areas(1.23 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA), which was positively correlated to the population density and number of pollution sources. Pollution sources of ARGs along the Beijiang River not only had a great impact on the abundances and diversity, but also on the distribution of specific ARGs in the water samples. Both sul I and sul II were likely originated from aquaculture farms and animal farms,tet W gene was possibly associated with the mining/metal melting industry and the electric waste disposal and tet C gene was commonly found in the area with multiple pollution sources.However, the abundance of tet B was not particularly related to anthropogenic impacts. These findings highlight the influence of pollution sources and density of population on the distribution and dissemination of ARGs at a regional scale. 相似文献
533.
武汉市城市化进程与大气污染关系探究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过借鉴国内外城市化与环境污染相关性的研究成果,分别选取12个指标代表武汉市城市化进程,5个指标代表大气环境水平,以武汉市1997~2013年各级指标数据为基础数据,量化计算其综合指数,建立城市化进程和大气污染两者的相关模型,以此来分析武汉市城市化进程与大气污染的相互关系。研究表明:武汉市1997~2013年城市化进程平稳快速发展,大致呈现直线增长趋势;武汉市大气污染综合指数波动明显,大致呈倒"N"型曲线方式,说明其污染出现反复,其中可吸入颗粒物PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)严重超标,超标率为100%,成为主要污染物;通过计算城市化综合指数和大气污染综合指数构建两者关系模型,分析发现,武汉市城市化进程与大气污染关系的拟合不符合环境库兹涅茨倒"U"型曲线,而呈现出环境库兹涅茨倒"U"型曲线的特殊格式—倒"N"型曲线关系,由此揭示出武汉市城市化进程的大气污染效应。通过对武汉市近10年城市化进程与大气污染相关性的探究,最后给出降低城市可吸入颗粒物的相关对策。 相似文献
534.
我国有色金属行业发展迅速,铜、铝、铅、锌等10种有色金属产量占世界的40%以上。我国有色金属行业在资源节约、环境友好型产业的方针指导下,不断推动主体工艺技术进步,技术装备水平进入世界先进行列,重金属污染物防治、废物综合利用取得新进展,清洁生产取得显著成果,末端技术取得新突破。目前有色金属行业环境污染压力依然很大,需切实转变发展方式,继续走绿色发展之路。 相似文献
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537.
《土壤污染防治行动计划》是国家系统开展土壤污染预防、保护、管控和治理的重大战略部署。文章从污染物来源和土壤污染判断依据两方面探讨了"土壤污染"的概念;提出了我国的"土壤环境污染控制指导值"包括3套指导值,分别为"土壤环境风险筛选值"、"土壤环境修复指导值"和"土壤环境修复启动值",并分析了3套指导值的目标定位、制订策略和执行策略。 相似文献
538.
539.
It is known that pseudoviviparous plant taxa are most numerous in the Arctic and high mountain regions, where they sometimes account for a noticeable part of the local flora and play an important phytocenotic role. The complex of pseudoviviparous taxa is an interesting model for investigating the processes of hybridogenic speciation, as various mechanisms stabilizing the hybrid genetic systems proved to be effective in them. In particular, this concerns vast and taxonomically complex groups such as the genera Deschampsia, Festuca, and Poa.In this paper, published data on the taxonomy, chromosome numbers, and distribution of pseudoviviparous grasses in the Arctic regions and subarctic mountain systems are reviewed. 相似文献
540.
Metal and metalloid removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of plants and standardized measurements: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. Marchand M. Mench M.L. Otte 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(12):3447-3461
This review integrates knowledge on the removal of metals and metalloids from contaminated waters in constructed wetlands and offers insight into future R&D priorities. Metal removal processes in wetlands are described. Based on 21 papers, the roles and impacts on efficiency of plants in constructed wetlands are discussed. The effects of plant ecotypes and class (monocots, dicots) and of system size on metal removal are addressed. Metal removal rates in wetlands depend on the type of element (Hg > Mn > Fe = Cd > Pb = Cr > Zn = Cu > Al > Ni > As), their ionic forms, substrate conditions, season, and plant species. Standardized procedures and data are lacking for efficiently comparing properties of plants and substrates. We propose a new index, the relative treatment efficiency index (RTEI), to quantify treatment impacts on metal removal in constructed wetlands. Further research is needed on key components, such as effects of differences in plant ecotypes and microbial communities, in order to enhance metal removal efficiency. 相似文献