湘江大源渡枢纽底泥中镉、铅的污染特征及其潜在生态风险评价

为研究湘江大源渡枢纽底泥中Cd、Pb的污染特征及其生态风险,采集6个断面的18个底泥样品,测定了沉积物中Cd、Pb的总量、化学形态及其生物有效性,并利用地积累指数法和单因子指数法评价其污染程度与等级.结果表明,湘江大源渡枢纽底泥中Cd、Pb存在很强的积累现象,尤其是Cd污染特别严重.各采样点底泥中Cd主要以碳酸盐结合态...     

Transferral of HMs pollution from road-deposited sediments to stormwater runoff during transport processes

Ratio of turbidity and TSS (Tur/TSS) was used to characterize PSD of stormwater particles. Pb and Zn preferred to accumulate in finer RDS, while Cu, Cr and Ni in coarser RDS. HMs pollution in stormwater particles increased linearly with Tur/TSS. Dissolvability of HMs and PSD variations contribute to the differences between RDS and stormwater. Stormwater runoff, derived from the wash-off of road-deposited sediments (RDS), contains elevated heavy metal (HM) concentrations and, thus, imposes an increasing threat to urban aquatic ecosystems. In-depth understanding of the variations of HMs pollution from RDS to stormwater during transport processes facilitates the development of effective RDS and stormwater control strategies. Toward this end, the distribution of HMs (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni) in RDS and stormwater were investigated simultaneously. The results show a preferential accumulation of Pb and Zn in the finer (<38.5 μm) RDS, and Cu, Cr and Ni in the coarser (38.5–150 μm) RDS. For stormwater, n.d.~48.6% of HMs fractionated into the dissolved phase, and stormwater particles constitute the primary carriers of HMs. Furthermore, the accumulation of HMs in stormwater particles increased linearly with finer particle size distributions (PSD). Geoaccumulation index (I_geo) highlighted the predominant pollution of both RDS and stormwater particles by Cu, Pb and Zn. Nonetheless, Cu, Pb, and Ni mostly contributed the potential ecological risk of RDS, whereas Cu, Pb, and Zn mainly contributed that of stormwater particles. Moreover, contamination by Cu, Pb and Zn was significantly higher in stormwater particles than that in RDS. These differences are attributable to the solubility and size-dependent accumulation of HMs in RDS, as well as the PSD variations during transport processes. The study outcomes highlight the importance of very fine (nano- and submicron- scale) RDS in stormwater pollution and the necessity of control.     

城镇化过程中地下水微生物的时空分异与演化——以珠海为例

运用不依赖培养的分子生物学技术,选择珠海市唐家湾居民密集地与人类活动扰动较少的中山大学珠海校区共二样区进行多采样点分析,构建16S rRNA基因文库进行序列比对,获得微生物的群落分布数据。数据显示,校区小流域地下水微生物群落基本保持原生态,其上、中、下游三组井均以变形菌、Candidate division OPx、古菌(含泉古菌和广生古菌)为优势类群,其中中游#M组井因环境不同微生物稍有差异。人类活动影响显著的唐家社区其微生物群落结构变异较大,未发现属于微生物鼻祖的古菌,也未检测到Candidate division OPx系列,而检测出许多与周围环境相吻合的微生物群落。二样区地下水微生物16S rRNA基因演化分析表明,城镇化进程中环境变化影响地下水微生物种群发育,地下水微生物也不断演化并影响环境。     

基于演化博弈的危化品安全监管情景推演研究

针对危化品安全生产监管问题,基于演化博弈理论构建危化品安全监管演化博弈模型,并将危化品事故发生率引入模型,对比分析危化品企业与地方政府监管部门行为策略的演化稳定均衡。在此基础上进行情景推演模拟仿真,研究表明:危化品事故发生率,对危化品企业和地方政府监管部门的策略选择有显著影响,当危化品事故发生概率低于某一临界值时,危化品企业和监管部门都会疏忽安全投入和监管;地方政府承受危化品事故经济损失和信誉损失增大时,危化品安全监管系统演化呈现出周期性波动;引入上级政府惩罚机制情景下,当上级政府惩罚力度高于危化品企业未投入安全生产受到的处罚和地方政府安全监管成本时,其最终都选择安全投入和严格监管策略。研究结论为政府监管危化品安全生产提供新的思路和对策建议。     

河流水环境有机污染物的自组织预测模型及应用

自组织预测模型是前苏联学者伊万年科提出的一种非线性建模预测方法,它能有效地解决复杂非线性系统的数据处理和建模问题。该文应用它进行水环境有机污染物预测,以实际监测数据为基础,建立了一个河流有机物浓度预测的自组织模型,其检验样本的预测误差在５％以内      

大气污染物总量收费方法研究

在分析排污收费的经济学基础上,通过引入“责任系数”和“责任份额”的概念,将污染源的排污行为与环境质量直接联系起来,认为对污染源排污费的征收应以该源对环境所造成的危害程度为测算依据,笔者提出了一种与大气污染物总量控制相配套的总量收费方案,以期与有关人士商榷。      

Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

● Salinity led to the elevation of NAR over 99.72%. ● Elevated salinity resulted in a small, complex, and more competitive network. ● Various AOB or denitrifiers responded differently to elevated salinity. ● Putative keystone taxa were dynamic and less abundant among various networks. Biological treatment processes are critical for sewage purification, wherein microbial interactions are tightly associated with treatment performance. Previous studies have focused on assessing how environmental factors (such as salinity) affect the diversity and composition of the microbial community but ignore the connections among microorganisms. Here, we described the microbial interactions in response to elevated salinity in an activated sludge system by performing an association network analysis. It was found that higher salinity resulted in low microbial diversity, and small, complex, more competitive overall networks, leading to poor performance of the treatment process. Subnetworks of major phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi) and functional bacteria (such as AOB, NOB and denitrifiers) differed substantially under elevated salinity process. Compared with subnetworks of Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosomonas (AOB) made a greater contribution to nitrification under higher salinity (especially 3%) in the activated sludge system. Denitrifiers established more proportion of cooperative relationships with other bacteria to resist 3% salinity stress. Furthermore, identified keystone species playing crucial roles in maintaining process stability were dynamics and less abundant under salinity disturbance. Knowledge gleaned from this study deepened our understanding of microbial interaction in response to elevated salinity in activated sludge systems.     

湖南省臭氧污染基本特征分析及长期趋势变化主控因素识别

近些年来湖南省臭氧(O3)污染程度呈现持续恶化态势,针对该区域O3污染相关研究较为缺乏的现状,基于观测数据对2015～2020年期间湖南省14个地级市O3污染浓度的时空演化特征进行了分析,并利用广义相加模型(GAM)对O3污染长期趋势变化的主控因素进行了识别(气象校正).结果表明,时间上,湖南省区域O3具有明显的日际、...     

煤矿安全管理能力理论框架研究

运用文献分析和综合归纳等研究方法,对煤矿安全管理能力进行研究。通过研究得出:煤矿安全管理能力本质是一种累积专有知识的集合,是煤矿对由安全生产体系进行协调控制的过程中,诸要素相互作用形成的蕴含在煤矿内部的一种企业管理能力。具备知识属性的"人、设备、环境、制度"成为煤矿安全管理能力的构成要素,而"人的不安全行为"、"设备不安全状态"、"环境不安全条件"和"制度不安全条件"对构成要素产生不良影响,成为煤矿安全管理能力的影响因素。煤矿安全管理能力的构成要素与影响因素之间存在一种此消彼长的互动关系——构成要素越强则影响因素越弱,导致煤矿安全事故发生概率越低;构成要素越弱则影响因素越强,导致煤矿安全事故发生概率越高。     

近50年来江汉湖群水域演化定量研究

根据江汉平原湖区发育背景、资源环境结构和社会经济功能等方面因素,将研究区界定为湖北省境内以江汉平原为依托、海拔50 m等高线以内的所有地区。其范围在东经 111°36′38.76″~116°7′52.14″、北纬29°25′59.25″~31°27′14.45″之间,按自然界线计算面积4.664万km2,按行政区统计面积为6.475万km2。运用RS/GIS技术,分析得知：近50年来,江汉湖群湖泊总数量和总面积均表现出总体下降、中间年份有波动的趋势,20世纪50年代、60年代、70年代、80年代、90年代和21世纪初(2000年),0.1 km2以上的湖泊总数量分别是1 309、611、612、838、768、771个,0.1 km2以上的湖泊总面积分别是8 503.7、5 462.5、2 933.8、2 977.3、3 451.4、3 188.1 km2。围湖垦殖是近50多年来江汉湖群演化的主要原因和主导因子。