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271.
In 1994, the sinking of the ‘Apollo Sea’ off the West coast of South Africa led to the deposition of ca. 2 500 tons of heavy
fuel oil over 150 km of coastline. The impact of the spill on rocky shore invertebrates, rock-pool fish fauna and rock lobsters
was assessed by conducting surveys shortly after the spill, and again two months later. Where possible, results of these surveys
were compared with existing data from before the sinking of the Apollo Sea. Among the fish fauna of rock-pools, changes in
total density of fishes were largely due to changes in the abundance ofClinus superciliosus and were within the range of natural variation for the species and the community as a whole. Community structure of the rock-pool
fish fauna also remained unaffected.
At three of four impacted rocky shore sites no changes could be detected in overall benthic community structure, although
the winkleNodilittorina africana was affected. At the fourth site, a boulder beach, statistical analysis showed distinct differences in community structure
between heavily and lightly contaminated areas, as well as between all areas compared with previously existing data. There
were also significant changes in the lightly oiled areas between the first and second surveys after the spill.
Oil-fouled lobster were found at one of three sites investigated. Ca. 7 % of the seabed in this particular area was polluted.
Antennae and forelegs of almost all lobsters in the vicinity of the oil were fouled. Examination of the gut-contents confirmed
that oil inhibits the ability of lobster to feed. Although there was no evidence that mortalities of lobster were caused by
the spill, growth rates may be reduced by the decreased feeding rate. Overall, the impact of the spill was strikingly less
than might have been predicted from the effects of other oil spills.
Nomenclature: Names of fish species follow Smith & Heemstra (1986). 相似文献
272.
POLLUTION THREATS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA: AN OVERVIEW 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Roberto Danovaro 《Chemistry and Ecology》2003,19(1):15-32
This overview summarises the present knowledge on major sources of pollution, which are of concern for the Mediterranean Sea. Eutrophication, red tides, organic loads, hydrocarbon spills, heavy metal contamination and their biological effects are described on the light of the ecological characteristics of the Mediterranean. In particular special attention is paid to the "new pollution" processes; i.e. , the introduction of novel substances with biological activity that might have synergetic effects with "classical pollutants". Different compartments and marine ecosystems are considered and compared. The degree of anthropogenic impact and its apparent trends are discussed. Possible monitoring plans and remedial actions for a sustainable management of coastal zones subjected to increasing pollution are also suggested. 相似文献
273.
依据城市机动车空气污染评价方法确立了天津市空气污染物机动车污染的评价体系。该评价体系具有准确性、先进性和实用性,采用科学的方法估算天津市城区机动车排气污染物的排放浓度及总量对环境空气污染的分担率。科学地给出了天津市现阶段机动车污染的现状及发展趋势,为环境保护决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
274.
Natalia Yoshida Mariano Castro Cecile du Mortier Alicia Fernández Cirelli 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(3):157-160
The increase of intensive bovine production systems in Argentina involves the use of therapeutic agents and growth promoters
that reach the environment through animal excreta. The growth promoter most widely used in Argentina is monensin, an ionophore
polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cinnamoniensis. Here, the behavior of monensin in different solid environmental matrices is analyzed, and preliminary results that suggest
a strong dependence of monensin retention with the organic matter content of the matrix are discussed. 相似文献
275.
276.
广州李坑垃圾填埋场水环境污染调查 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
通过现场采样与历史资料统计,分析了广州市李坑垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液的水质特征,及其对地睛水和地表水的影响强度及范围,结果表明,该场对环境产生影响的主要污染物是以NH3-N、CODCr为代表的高浓度有机物、垃圾渗滤液对地下水的影响强度不大,对作为农业灌溉用水的地表水影响不超过2000m,对10km上的饮用水源不造成影响 相似文献
277.
278.
279.
通过对黄河水系干、支流1980-1990-1997-1999年河水氮污染水质监测数据进行分析,发现:(1)自流域上游至下游,各主要支流河水氮污染有增加的趋势,造成干流河水氮污染沿程亦呈增加的趋势;(2)点污染对黄河干、支流河水氮污染的贡献较大,但在1990-1997年间,流域河水氮污染的点源/面源之比有降低的趋势,干流潼关站河水中总氮的点源与面源之比由1990年的2.7降至1997年的1.8;(3)黄河干、支流河水氨氮、总氮的含量在1980-1990-1997-1999年间存在明显的加速上升趋势,主要是由流域废污水排放量和氮肥施用量的增加所致。 相似文献
280.
This study explored the effects of H2O2 on Cyanobacteria and non-target microbes using fluorometry, microscopy, flow cytometry, and high throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene during a series of mesocosm and whole-ecosystem experiments in a eutrophic pond in NY, USA. The addition of H2O2 (8 mg/L) significantly reduced Cyanobacteria concentrations during a majority of experiments (66%; 6 of 9) and significantly increased eukaryotic green and unicellular brown algae in 78% and 45% of experiments, respectively. While heterotrophic bacteria declined significantly following H2O2 addition in all experiments, bacteria indicative of potential fecal contamination (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, fecal coliform bacteria) consistently and significantly increased in response to H2O2, evidencing a form of ‘pollution swapping’. H2O2 more effectively reduced Cyanobacteria in enclosed mesocosms compared to whole-ecosystem applications. Ten whole-pond H2O2 applications over a two-year period temporarily reduced cyanobacterial levels but never reduced concentrations below bloom thresholds and populations always rebounded in two weeks or less. The bacterial phyla of Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes were the most negatively impacted by H2O2. Microcystis was always reduced by H2O2, as was the toxin microcystin, but Microcystis remained dominant even after repeated H2O2 treatments. Although H2O2 favored the growth of eukaryotic algae over potentially harmful Cyanobacteria, the inability of H2O2 to end cyanobacterial blooms in this eutrophic waterbody suggests it is a non-ideal mitigation approach in high biomass ecosystems and should be used judiciously due to potential negative impacts on non-target organisms and promotion of bacteria indicative of fecal contamination. 相似文献