Observation and analysis of atmospheric volatile organic compounds in a typical petrochemical area in Yangtze River Delta, China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a kind of important precursors for ozone photochemical formation. In this study, VOCs were measured from November 5th, 2013 to January 6th, 2014 at the Second Jinshan Industrial Area, Shanghai, China. The results showed that the measured VOCs were dominated by alkanes (41.8%), followed by aromatics (20.1%), alkenes (17.9%), and halo-hydrocarbons (12.5%). The daily trend of the VOC concentration showed a bimodal feature due to the rush-hour traffic in the morning and at nightfall. Based on the VOC concentration, a receptor model of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) coupled with the information related to VOC sources was applied to identify the major VOC emissions. The result showed five major VOC sources: solvent use and industrial processes were responsible for about 30% of the ambient VOCs, followed by rubber chemical industrial emissions (23%), refinery and petrochemical industrial emissions (21%), fuel evaporations (13%) and vehicular emissions (13%). The contribution of generalized industrial emissions was about 74% and significantly higher than that made by vehicle exhaust. Using a propylene-equivalent method, alkenes displayed the highest concentration, followed by aromatics and alkanes. Based on a maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method, the average hourly ozone formation potential (OFP) of VOCs is 220.49?ppbv. The most significant source for ozone chemical formation was identified to be rubber chemical industrial emissions, following one by vehicular emission. The data shown herein may provide useful information to develop effective VOC pollution control strategies in industrialized area.     

深圳城市大气中非甲烷烃季节变化特征

应用GCMS-QP2010对深圳2015~2016年4个季节大气56种非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHCs）进行在线监测分析.从成分来看,四季总NMHCs平均浓度为23.6×10^-9,呈现出冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季≈春季的变化特征,其中烷烃比例最高（65.4%~74.7%）,其次是芳香烃（13.3%~21.7%）和烯烃（7.1%~11.6%）,丙烷、甲苯、乙烷、正己烷、正丁烷、乙炔、2-甲基戊烷、异丁烷、乙烯和3-甲基戊烷是浓度最高的10个物种.相关性和日变化分析表明,深圳大气中NMHCs受到机动车、溶剂挥发相关工业源以及植物释放等多重来源的共同影响,其中甲苯、2-甲基戊烷、3-甲基戊烷和正己烷受工业源影响最为显著,而异戊二烯主要来自于天然源.     

Atmospheric lead pollution in fine particulate matter in Shanghai, China

The Pb-monitoring program was extended for 6 years from 2002 to 2007 at 17 representative urban sites (6 traffic, 5 industrial, and 6 residential sites), and 3 suburban sites to assess the lead pollution in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) after phasing out leaded gasoline in Shanghai. Compared with Pb levels reported in other places, the Pb pollution in Shanghai is still serious after phasing out leaded gasoline, which remains at high concentration range (213–176 ng/m3) in PM2.5 in winter. Significant spati...     

细河污染特征与整治对策的探讨

细河是伴随沈阳市铁西区老工业基地的发展而形成一条排污河流,2002年前污染非常严重,2002年后通过综合整治及仙女河污水处理厂和西部污水处理厂相继建成并投入使用,使大部分细河污水得到处理,但细河的污染问题仍不容乐观,本文通过细河纳污总量的核定、细河源头水的保护与利用、底质的清理与无害化处置、新污染控制与防范等措施使细河水质得到一个可持续的、良好的改善。     

污染源在线监测系统（CEMS）的验收比对监测

随着节能减排的开展,各重点污染源企业,特别是SO2等标排放负荷较大的热电、钢铁等使用燃煤锅炉的企业,都按照环保局的要求安装了污染源在线监测系统CEMS。CEMS数据的可靠性、正确性、稳定性对于污染减排有着决定性作用,CEMS已成为一种最有效的定量和监控管理手段。本文介绍了CEMS系统的组成及功能,以及验收监测比对法规依据,并根据《固定污染源烟气排放连续监测技术规范》（HJ／T75—2007）（试行）和《固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统技术要求及检测方法》（HJ／T75—2007）（试行）验收监测比对指标,简要说明了验收比对的方法并分析了在实际监测中遇到的问题,提出了需要注意的事项。     

佳木斯市四丰山风景区环境污染综合治理对策

佳木斯市四丰山风景区是黑龙江省政府确定的省级风景名胜区,由于近些年无序、过度的开发,环境现状急剧恶化,亟需治理。通过对其周边污染源及水库水质状况的调查,提出了污染治理方案,明确了综合治理的必要性。     

浅谈提高环境影响评价中工程分析质量

提出如何在社会区域类环境影响评价中提高工程分析质量的措施,以齐齐哈尔市第一医院为例,在工艺流程或产污环节分析中,应重点突出与污染物排放有关的工序和污染物的产生量;现有工程的污染物计算应结合监测和生产状况综合分析;以"清洁生产审计"的观点进行"清洁生产分析";对提出的污染物治理措施应具有可操作性。     

《水污染防治法》的发展历程与成就

着眼于我国的水资源保护,以三部《水污染防治法》的适用及其修订为视角,对其发展历程与成就予以回顾,并对我国水资源的保护法律前景进行展望,为我国水资源法制建设进行了探索。     

湘江重金属污染现状、污染原因分析与对策探讨

湘江是长江的重要支流,湘江流域内聚集了湖南约60%的人口,创造了全省近3/4的GDP。近年来随着工农业的快速发展、城市圈的扩大、沿江两岸矿产资源的开发,湘江重金属污染日趋严重。湘江综合治理不仅关系到湖南经济的发展、社会的和谐,还关系到长江流域的可持续发展。本文在对湘江水资源作基本介绍的基础上,着重调查了重金属污染现状与己形成的影响,对重金属污染来源与原因进行了分析,提出了湘江重金属污染防治的对策与建议。     

四丰山水库污染现状及防治对策

佳木斯四丰山水库是以防洪为主,结合灌溉、养鱼等综合利用水库。近些年随着周边的度假村的开发以及农田施肥量的增加,造成四丰山水库污染日益严重,通过对近些年数据的分析,对污染状况进行分析,找出原因,提出防治对策。