固定燃烧源颗粒物稀释采样系统的研制与应用

为研究固定燃烧源颗粒物排放特征,研制开发了稀释烟道采样系统.该系统能模拟高温烟气排放到大气中的冷却、稀释、凝结等物理化学过程,捕集燃烧源排放的一次颗粒物.详细阐述了采样系统的结构并对系统进行了检验.整个采样系统稳定度高,测量结果可靠,操作简便.采样系统小型化设计,适合于现场应用.该系统已成功应用于我国典型燃烧源颗粒物排放特征研究.     

国内外汞污染分布状况研究综述

汞污染在世界各地分布较广,美洲、欧洲、亚洲和非洲都出现了汞污染问题,甚至人迹稀少的北极也在受到汞污染的威胁。我国的汞污染主要集中于贵州、吉林、陕西、湖北、辽宁和重庆等地。目前国内外有关环境汞污染的研究主要是针对氯碱生产、金矿开采、燃煤电厂等汞污染源开展的,实际上汞污染源类型很多,因此环境汞污染状况十分令人堪忧。我国汞污染研究基本处于刚刚起步阶段,严重滞后于国际环境形势发展需要,今后除了应加强基础研究工作,还要对重要汞污染地区污染状况、机制、环境效应开展研究,以全面掌握我国汞污染的来源、汞污染源分布以及环境汞污染现状。     

流域农业面源污染动态监控系统的建立和运行

提出建立农业面源污染动态监控系统的技术构思,构筑了“辽宁省农业面源污染动态监控系统”的功能及运行机制的构架,阐述了推进此动态监控系统完善的研究方案与系统实施的保证措施。     

土壤重金属污染及其修复研究

土壤重金属污染是环境和土壤科学研究者近年来研究的热点问题。在此综述了土壤重金属污染的来源及其赋存形态,介绍了各种修复方法,提出生物修复是今后重金属污染治理技术的发展方向。     

太湖流域有机毒物污染现状与控制对策

富营养化控制一直以来是太湖水污染防治的重中之重,但太湖流域的有机毒物污染也不容忽视,已对饮用水安全构成潜在的威胁。从分析太湖流域工业污染现状入手,提出了化工、印染为太湖流域有机毒物污染的重要来源,阐述了对太湖流域进行有机毒物污染控制的重要性,总结了太湖流域有机毒物污染控制存在的问题,在此基础上,提出了太湖流域工业污染源有机毒物控制对策建议。     

Use of IPCC GHG key sources analysis to Mexico’s environmental policy

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 key sources level 1 assessment was applied to the 1994–1994 National Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission inventory for Mexico in order to identify and analyze the key sources within it. Top key sources were from land use change and energy combustion contributing to about 60% of total national emissions. In addition, a Tier 1 trend assessment revealed some changes with respect to Tier 1 level assessment: Top key sources according to this analysis are waste disposal and delayed emissions from land clearing. Important insight for cost effective preventive mitigation actions can be extracted from this analysis. A comparison with other countries was carried out to find similarities in the GHG national emissions inventories related to common features on economic development.     

Formulation of criteria for pollution control on cement products produced from solid wastes in China

The process of producing cement products from solid waste can increase the level of pollutants in the cement products. Therefore, it is very important to establish a pollution control standard for cement products to protect the environment and human health. This paper presents acceptance limits for the availability of heavy metals in cement products which have been produced from solid wastes and explains how the limits have been calculated. The approach and method used to formulate these criteria were based on EN 12920. The typical exposure scenarios used in this paper involve concrete being used for drinking water supply pipelines and concrete pavements and are based on an analysis of typical applications of cement in China, and the potential for contact with water. The parameters of a tank test which was based on NEN 7375 were set in accordance with the environmental conditions of typical scenarios in China. Mechanisms controlling the release of heavy metals in concrete and a model for that release were obtained using the leaching test. Finally, based on acceptance criteria for drinking water and groundwater quality in China, limit values for the availability of heavy metals in concrete were calculated.     

黄河中上游能源化工区重点产业发展战略生态风险评价

结合黄河中上游能源化工区重点产业发展战略生态风险宏观性、综合性、复杂性的特点,论文以生态风险景观评价方法及3S技术等为研究手段,综合考虑重点产业发展战略人为风险源及自然风险源,以生态风险受体和终点选择、风险源分析、暴露危害分析、生态风险综合评价及生态风险分区为评价步骤,揭示了重点产业发展战略潜在生态风险空间分异特征。研究结果表明：黄河中上游重点产业战略实施区可划分为三类生态风险监控区,生态风险重点监控区自然风险源分布集中,重点产业人为风险源和自然风险源交织在一起,极易发生生态风险放大效应,生态风险次重点监控区自然生态风险源分布较单一,局部重点产业人为风险源强度增强,将增加区域生态风险水平,生态风险监控区自然生态风险源分布范围较小,潜在生态风险水平相对较低。论文探索了战略环评生态风险评价方法和评价思路,为国内重点产业发展战略生态风险评价提供了借鉴。     

四川省农村环境空气污染源分布及其对自动监测点位设置影响的研究

将四川省农村地区分成平原和浅丘区、小起伏山地和高丘区、高山峡谷区三种类型区域。利用GIS软件,将四川省划分网格,分别统计每个网格中的工业废气污染点源数量和主要交通线路长度,得出四川省工业废气污染点源密度分级图和四川省主要公路密度分布图,以及结合农村污染面源的情况分析,总结出农村区域的主要污染密度分布类型。结果表明,在一定区域范围内,农村平原和浅丘区的工业源、交通源、农村面源分布均匀;高丘区、小起伏山区、高山峡谷区的污染源分布均具有明显的地理分布特性,山间平地和山谷台地的污染源分布密度高;根据四川省污染源分布规律给农村空气自动监测布点提供了指导。     

Fiscal spending and the environment: Theory and empirics

During economic crises, governments often increase fiscal spending to stimulate the economy. While the fiscal spending surge may be temporary, spending composition is often altered in favor of expenditures on social programs and other public goods which may persist over time. We model and measure the impact of fiscal spending patterns on the environment. The model predicts that a reallocation of government spending composition towards social and public goods reduces pollution. However, increasing total government spending without altering its composition does not reduce pollution. We empirically test these predictions for air and water pollutants showing that they are fully supported.