Quinone-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes by cells and cell extracts from Sphingomonas xenophaga

The effects of various quinone compounds on the decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) was the most effective redox mediator and AQS reduction was the rate-limited step of AQS-mediated decolorization of sulfonated azo dyes. Based on AQS biological toxicity tests, it was assumed that AQS might enter the cells to kill them. In the cytoplasmic extracts from strain QYY, AQS effectively increased decolorization rates of sulfonated azo dyes than other quinone compounds. In addition, we found a NADH/FMN-dependent AQS reductase using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE).     

室内甲醛污染治理技术的研究进展

甲醛是室内空气中的主要污染物之一。文章简述了室内甲醛的来源及对人体的危害,论述了室内甲醛污染治理的四种方法(臭氧氧化法、吸附法、光催化氧化法和金属氧化物法)的反应原理、优缺点及国内外的最新研究进展,并对金属氧化物法在材料的制备和反应机理方面作了展望。     

生物过滤塔处理工业有机废气

选用生物载体作为反应器的填料,并利用沈阳北部污水处理厂的活性污泥对填料进行挂膜,由低到高通入工业有机气体进行驯化。在系统稳定后进行了生物过滤塔净化工业有机气体的实验研究。实验结果表明:入口气体浓度<25mg/m3时,有机废气的净化效率可保持在97%以上,当超过此值时,效率有明显下降。随着进口气体流量的增加,净化率逐渐下降,由入口流量为0.2m3/h时的97.2%下降到入口流量为0.8m3/h时的73.0%。湿度对净化率的影响较大,其中当湿度达到40%以上时,反应器有良好的去除效果。生物过滤塔的压降随着气体流量和填料高度的增加而增加。     

活性污泥对甲醛废水的净化性能

采用微生物法处理低浓度甲醛废水达标排放是比较经济的方法之一.在研究中采用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺,考察了曝气时间、进水甲醛浓度、进水 pH 和水温对微生物净化低浓度甲醛废水的影响.结果表明,随着曝气时间的延长,活性污泥对甲醛的去除率增大.进水甲醛浓度在 40～120 mg/L 范围内,随着浓度升高甲醛污泥负荷增加,微生物对甲醛的降解速率增加,但对甲醛的去除率降低.活性污泥在 pH 为 5～7 的中性和弱酸性环境中对甲醛的降解速率较高.在15～35℃范围内,污泥对废水中甲醛的去除率随温度升高而上升,微生物对甲醛的降解速率随温度升高呈指数递增趋势.     

假单胞菌N7的萘降解特性及其降解途径研究

应用HPLC和UV分析技术,以萘为代表性多环芳烃污染物,研究了假单胞菌N7对水中萘的降解特性.结果表明,营养盐、微量元素的添加可使萘的降解率提高23.65%;溶解氧高于4.3 mg/L时萘降解率达95.66%并趋于稳定;随萘浓度增加降解率逐渐下降;在中性和弱碱性环境下,降解效果较好,萘降解率均在82.88%以上.在30℃、转速为165 r/min的摇床中处理pH7.5、萘浓度为100 mg/L的水样72 h,其最大降解率为95.66%.通过检测菌株N7处理含不同底物水样时其吸光度、pH和底物的变化情况,证实菌株N7亦能降解甲苯、二甲苯、苯酚、2,4-二硝基苯酚、苯甲酸、1-萘酚和水杨酸,并以其为唯一的碳源和能源生长繁殖,表明该菌株能适应环境中芳烃类物质种类的变化,具有很好的降解多样性.经UV-Vis和GC-MS分析各降解阶段的中间产物,初步确定了该菌对萘的降解途径:一条是邻苯二甲酸途径;另一条是水杨酸途径,萘先被氧化为1,2-二羟基萘,再开环生成水杨酸、邻苯二酚和2-羟基粘康酸半醛,最终进入三羧酸循环(TCA).     

乙酰丙酮荧光分光光度法测定环境空气中的微量甲醛

建立了乙酰丙酮荧光分光光度法测定空气中微量甲醛的方法,选择了最佳实验条件,考察了多种共存物的影响及最大允许量.该方法最低检出限为0.0034μg/ml,相对标准偏差为5.6%,测定空气中甲醛的最低浓度为0.0057mg/m3,可满足室内外环境空气中甲醛本底及受甲醛污染环境的监测.     

1株耐油甲醛降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

烹饪油烟的健康危害一直以来受到广泛关注.以甲醛为代表的醛类污染物是烹饪油烟排放的主要污染物之一.微生物法降解甲醛具有工艺简单、成本低及无污染等优点.本研究从烹饪油烟冷凝液中分离筛选出1株具有甲醛降解能力的菌株XF-1,经序列鉴定结合菌落形态特征及生理生化试验,该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens sp.).该菌株具有能耐受高油环境的性能,最大耐受浓度为900 g·L^-1.在甲醛浓度为100 mg·L^-1的培养基中,菌株XF-1在34 h内的甲醛降解率为95.80%;当甲醛初始浓度<300 mg·L^-1时,菌株XF-1能够在120 h以内完全降解溶液中的甲醛;甲醛浓度为800mg·L^-1时,在96 h,菌株XF-1的降解率达到73.01%,并可耐受1.5 g·L^-1浓度的甲醛.通过单因素(p H、接种量、甲醛浓度和温度)试验,得到该菌株最佳生长温度为30℃、最佳生长pH为6左右,最佳接种量为10%.利用GC-TOF-MS进一步分...     

对室内装饰装修材料检测中甲醛分析方法的研究

目前室内装饰装修材料中甲醛含量的检测有六个类别,分析方法不统一,且没有一定的质量控制措施.文章对分析方法进行了改进,并且研究用水中的甲醛标样来对检测过程进行质量控制,结果较好.     

乙酰丙酮荧光法在线监测环境空气中的甲醛

我国现行环境空气中甲醛的标准测定方法普遍难以满足当前大气监测中对痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测需要.在乙酰丙酮分光光度法的基础上改进得到的乙酰丙酮荧光法具有更低的检出限和更高的灵敏度,适用于大气中痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测.基于乙酰丙酮荧光法设计了甲醛在线监测系统,并对其主要性能指标进行了评估测试.测试结果显示,该系统的吸收效率为...     

Crystallization behavior of predominantly syndiotactic poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)

Predominantly syndiotactic poly(-hydroxybutyrate), syn-PHB, of variable syndioregularity (syndyad fractions 0.59, 0.62, 0.64, and 0.71) and molecular weight was prepared by the dibutyltin dimethoxide catalyzed ring opening of racemic-butyrolactone (BL). The crystallization behavior of the syn-PHB polymers was investigated by DSC and X-ray diffraction analyses. DSC of films after melting and annealing showed at least one, and often two distinct melting transitions occuring over a broad (often 40°C) temperature range. These results indicate that syn-PHB chain segments of variable syndioregularity form crystalline regions with very different thermodynamic stabilities. Maximum degrees of crystallinity for melt annealed 0.64- and 0.71-syn-PHB was observed at an annealing temperature (T _c ) of 30°C. AtT _c values at 45°C and higher, crystallization of relatively lower syndioregular chain segments was apparently excluded to variable degrees dependent onT _c and sample syndiotactic dyad content. After crystallization of syn-PHB samples at elevated temperatures, ambient temperature annealing resulted in an observed lower temperature melting transition at 50°C. This result showed little to no dependence on syn-PHB syndio-regularity andT _c . Both solution precipitated 0.62-syn-PHB and 0.71-syn-PHB have WAXS patterns with poorly resolved crystalline reflections superimposed on amorphous haloes indicating low levels of crystallinity (17% and 25%, respectively) and poorly formed crystals. Isothermal crystallization monitored by DSC showed that the syn- and natural origin PHB showed fastest crystallization rates at temperatures between 50°C and 70°C and 60°C and 90°C, respectively. From the dependence of the higher melting transition onT _c it was determined that the equilibrium melting temperatures for 0.62-syn-PHB (M _n =83,700 g/mol) and a 0.64-syn-PHB (M _n =11,900 g/mol) were 157 and 154°C, respectively. An Avrami analysis of syn-PHB yielded results similar to that found for natural origin PHB indicating that crystal growth occurs by a two-dimensional mechanism.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas.