Concentrations and sources of an emerging pollutant, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), in sewage sludge for land application

The presence of an emerging brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE), has been confirmed in Spanish sewage sludge. Thirty one samples from different urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were analyzed for this brominated flame retardant. DBDPE was positively identified and quantified in all samples at lower concentrations (47.0 ± 29.7 ng/g dry weight (dw); mean ± SD) than those obtained for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) (290 ± 236 ng/g dw; mean ± SD) in a previous study. Influence of the WWTP characteristics in the pollutant levels was evaluated. No significant correlations were obtained between DBDPE concentrations and the population or sewage sludge production rate associated with the plants, neither wastewater treatment method. Sources of DBDPE in the sludge were also evaluated. Data indicate a common origin for DBDPE and BDE-209, which may be related to leaching processes during the use and disposal of consumer products containing these chemicals. Nevertheless, DBDPE contents are not influenced by industrial activities, which suggests that the infusion of DBDPE commercial mixture is not a source of this chemical into the environment, and indicates that the use of DBDPE in the Spanish industry is still low compared to deca-BDE.     

多溴联苯醚的生物效应研究

多溴联苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)由于其良好的阻燃性能被广泛应用于电子电器,家具,装饰材料及其他产品中。自使用以来,PBDEs在环境、生物体、人体中的污染水平快速增长,对生物体及人体的潜在危害日趋严重。国际社会已经认识到其危害性,部分PBDEs产品,如六溴联苯醚、七溴联苯醚、四溴联苯醚、五溴联苯醚已被列入禁用名单。文章概述PBDEs在生物体中的污染水平、生物累集效应以及PBDEs在生物体内的转化及代谢效应,着重阐述了PBDEs对神经系统、生物转化酶系统、抗氧化防御系统、生殖系统及内分泌系统的毒性效应,同时对PBDEs毒性作用机制及PBDEs环境相关污染浓度研究提出展望。     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析土壤中多溴联苯醚类化合物

建立了一种超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定土壤中8种多溴联苯醚化合物(PBDEs)的方法,采用快速溶剂萃取(ASE)和凝胶净化色谱(GPC),经BEH反相C₁₈色谱柱分离,10 min内完成分离,使用含0.1%氨水的甲醇和水进行梯度洗脱,采用液相色谱-负离子-大气压化学电离(APCI)串联质谱,多反应监测模式(MRM),加入 ¹³C₁₂-BDE-139和¹³C₁₂-BDE-209内标作定量分析。结果表明:在优化的分析条件下,PBDEs的线性相关系数为0.998 8～0.999 5,方法检出限为0.22～0.59 μg/kg,在2个添加水平下,平均回收率为71%～126%,标准偏差为3%～18%,土壤实际质控样测定结果均在允许范围内。适合于土壤中PBDEs的快速分析,特别对于高溴代PBDEs,相比气相色谱质谱方法具有更快的分析速度和更好的稳定性。     

泉州山美水库及入库河流沉积物中多溴二苯醚的时空分异和降解分析

为了解城市水源水库中多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)的时空分异和同系物的降解来源及其贡献,分析了泉州山美水库及入库河流表层沉积物中PBDEs的含量、污染程度、空间分布、水文期变化、赋存量、同系物组成及其降解来源的贡献.结果表明,入库河流沉积物中∑PBDEs中值(1072.1 ng·g^-1)是山美水库(160.4 ng·g^-1)的6.7倍,山美水库单位面积沉积物中∑PBDEs的赋存量(80.3 kg·km^-2)是太湖的6.3倍,北美五大湖的188倍,其污染程度较国内外大多数湖库更严重,且以BDE-209为主(84.5%～99.2%).水库大多数样点(r为0.564～0.994,P<0.034)及河流各点(r为0.953～1.0,P<0.000)间PBDEs组成相似度较高,入库区和入库河流样点间极显著正相关(r为0.779～0.964,P<0.005)且相关性强于其他功能区,显示入库河流是水库中PBDEs的主污染源.库尾区与入库河流相关性较低(r为0.454～0.915,P≤0.128),受九都镇影响较大.各样点∑...     

模拟淋溶场景下典型POPs废物的释放规律

以含硫丹废物(硫丹乳油生产废弃物)和含多溴联苯醚废物(废旧打印机外壳)为研究对象,分别研究了在含硫丹废物堆存和含多溴联苯醚废物简单填埋场景下的浸出动态变化规律,并采用相关模型对其浸出规律进行模拟.结果表明,在0~48 h这段时间内,硫丹和多溴联苯醚(BDE-28、BDE-47和BDE-66)的浸出量增加较多,48 h之后,渐趋稳定;整个过程的浸出速率均随时间的延长而减小;其中,累积浸出量和浸出速率大小依次为:α-硫丹>β-硫丹,BDE-47>BDE-28>BDE-66.并且α-硫丹、β-硫丹和多溴联苯醚(BDE-28、BDE-47和BDE-66)的累积浸出量随时间的变化趋势可用Elovich方程进行拟合,表明硫丹与多溴联苯醚的浸出过程是非均相扩散过程.