环境硒及其复合因子与大骨节病

本文通过对大骨节病病区低硒环境和病区发样品的重复采样和多元素含量的测定及其与大骨节病病情的相关分析,探讨了大骨节病的致病因素。研究表明,环境低硒是大骨节病发生的重要因素之一。人发硒与大骨节病检出率密切相关,且由永寿大骨节病考察队流行病学组和生态环境组调查数据得到了相同的结论。本文还探讨了除低硒外,其它与硒有关、可能与之结合致病的因素。     

电子垃圾拆解工人的肝功能和肾功能健康状况及影响因素分析:以清远市龙塘镇为例

高浓度水平的重金属、持久性有机污染物(POPs)等的环境暴露对电子垃圾拆解工人健康的影响,近年来已引起了人们的广泛关注.以电子垃圾拆解工人的肝功能和肾功能健康状况为研究对象,通过比较电子垃圾拆解工人和对照组人群血液中肝功能和肾功能指标的情况,同时结合性别、年龄、职业暴露时间等因素的相关分析,分析电子垃圾拆解工人肝、肾功能的健康状况及影响因素,研究肝肾功能指标对环境污染物造成健康损害的敏感程度.结果表明,广东清远龙塘镇电子垃圾拆解工人肝功能指标谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶(AST/ALT)及直接胆红素(DBIL)显著低于对照组,但肝功能与肾功能的异常率与对照组均无显著差异;男性工人肝功能、肾功能指标的异常率较女性工人高;电子垃圾拆解工人肝功能指标AST/ALT和肾功能指标尿素氮(BUN)与年龄呈正相关,肌酐(CREA)指标与电子垃圾拆解从业时间呈正相关;肝功能ALT、AST/ALT指标及肾功能BUN、CREA指标作为评价有机污染物造成的肝、肾功能损伤具有较好敏感性,肝功能DBIL指标作为评价多种污染物共同作用造成的肝功能损伤具有较好敏感性.     

新冠疫情期间无锡市环境空气质量分析

通过对无锡市区环境空气污染物的连续监测,对新冠疫情期间环境空气质量进行研究分析.结果表明,2月疫情期间,无锡市环境空气质量同比与环比均有明显好转,AQI指数在24～80,均为优良天.这可能与全社会生产、生活、活动有极大变动有关,可指导空气污染防治工作的努力方向.从单项指标看,除O3以外的其他5项指标均有不同程度的好转....     

The condition of coral reefs in South Florida (2000) using coral disease and bleaching as indicators

The destruction of coral reef habitats has occurred at unprecedented levels during the last three decades. Coral disease and bleaching in the Caribbean and South Florida have caused extensive coral mortality with limited recovery, often coral reefs are being replaced with turf algae. Acroporids were once dominant corals and have diminished to the state where they are being considered as endangered species. Our survey assessed the condition of reef corals throughout South Florida. A probability-based design produced unbiased estimates of the spatial extent of ecological condition, measured as the absence or presence and frequency or prevalence of coral diseases and bleaching intensity over large geographic regions. This approach allowed us to calculate a quantifiable level of uncertainty. Coral condition was estimated for 4100 hectares (ha) (or 41.0 km²) of coral reefs in South Florida, including reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), New Grounds, Dry Tortugas National Park (DTNP), and Biscayne National Park (BNP). The absence or presence of coral disease, causal coral bleaching, partial bleaching and coral paling were not good indicators of overall coral condition. It was more useful to report the prevalence of anomalies that indicated a compromised condition at both the population and community levels. For example, 79% of the area in South Florida had less than 6% of the coral colonies diseased, whereas only 2.2% (97.15 ha) of the sampled area had a maximum prevalence of 13% diseased coral colonies at any single location. The usefulness of causal bleaching might be more important when considering the prevalence of each of the three different states at a single location. For example, paling was observed over the entire area, whereas bleaching and partial bleaching occurred at 19 and 41% of the area, respectively. An index for coral reef condition might integrate the prevalence and species affected by each bleaching state at individual locations. By establishing these baselines, future surveys can examine changes and trends in the spatial distribution of coral conditions in South Florida and able to score the reefs as to their health status.     

遥感和GIS在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式

介绍了遥感技术,地理信息系统技术在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式,以及整个系统的集成。在整个系统中遥感用于获取森林病虫害信息,地理信息系统用于管理和处理森林病虫害信息。同时,也说明了全球定位系统可用于定位采集地面数据和导路。     

Prenatal diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD): Experiences with six cases and PCR

In the course of a 2-year predictive testing programme for Huntington's disease (HD), six couples from a total of 52 applicants requested prenatal testing. In each case, the pregnancy was in the first or second trimester when the couples were referred for DNA diagnosis. In five cases, exclusion testing was offered; in one case, a person at risk with an increased risk of being a gene carrier requested prenatal diagnosis. In all cases, informative markers for prenatal testing could be determined. Whenever possible, the newer technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for D4S125 was applied to perform rapid prenatal diagnosis. Two couples withdrew before chorionic villus sampling was undertaken; prenatal diagnosis was completed in the remaining four cases. After exclusion testing, two pregnancies were determined to have an increased risk and two fetuses to have a low risk of being HD gene carriers.     

城市主要大气污染物与呼吸系统疾病相关性浅析

根据监测资料得出，杭州市区大气中瓢法，二氧化硫、氮氧化物等浓度逐年略有上升的趋势。根据相同年份病谱分析，死于呼吸系统疾病的人数也相应增加，即呈正相关，其中，二氧化硫影响较大，提出了防治大气中二氧化硫污染的对策。