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71.
通过本次临床试验得出;湘黄鸡马立克氏病(MD)的免疫以CVI988 HVT苗或Rispens CVI988苗为最佳效果,可使该病的临床发病率分别控制在1.33%和1.67%以下,致瘤率为34%左右.用中药进行预防达不到免疫的效果.所以认为用血清I型疫苗是目前衡阳地区湘黄鸡马立克氏病(MD)的唯一有效的免疫方法. 相似文献
72.
Alfonso Marzal Maribel Reviriego Florentino de Lope Anders Pape Møller 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(10):1573-1580
Immune responses constitute a major way for hosts to defend themselves against parasites. Because hosts do not habitually
produce strong responses all the time, immune responses might be costly to produce or maintain. We tested experimentally if
the production of a response to a challenge with a novel antigen resulted in a cost in terms of fitness using the highly colonial
house martin Delichon urbica as a model system. We injected adult breeding birds during laying of the first clutch with either Newcastle disease virus
(NDV) or a control injection, and the clutch was subsequently removed to induce relaying. NDV stimulates the non-specific
immune system, causing production of antibodies during a period of more than 2 weeks. Accordingly, we found an increase in
leukocyte counts in experimental birds compared to controls. Experimental treatment reduced the frequency of re-laying, caused
a delay in timing of relaying and a reduction in brood size. Quality of nestlings in terms of body size, body mass and T-cell-mediated
immune response did not differ significantly between treatments. Overall, seasonal reproductive success differed significantly
between treatments, showing that the production of an immune response by adult birds is costly in terms of future fecundity. 相似文献
73.
DANIEL C. NEPSTAD†‡ CLAUDIA M. STICKLER†§ ORIANA T. ALMEIDA† 《Conservation biology》2006,20(6):1595-1603
Abstract: Amazon beef and soybean industries, the primary drivers of Amazon deforestation, are increasingly responsive to economic signals emanating from around the world, such as those associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, "mad cow disease") outbreaks and China's economic growth. The expanding role of these economic "teleconnections" (coupled phenomena that take place in distant places on the planet) led to a 3-year period (2002–2004) of historically high deforestation rates. But it also increases the potential for large-scale conservation in the region as markets and finance institutions demand better environmental and social performance of beef and soy producers. Cattle ranchers and soy farmers who have generally opposed ambitious government regulations that require forest reserves on private property are realizing that good land stewardship—including compliance with legislation—may increase their access to expanding domestic and international markets and to credit and lower the risk of "losing" their land to agrarian reform. The realization of this potential depends on the successful negotiation of social and environmental performance criteria and an associated system of certification that are acceptable to both the industries and civil society. The foot-and-mouth eradication system, in which geographic zones win permission to export beef, may provide an important model for the design of a low-cost, peer-enforced, socioenvironmental certification system that becomes the mechanism by which beef and soy industries gain access to markets outside the Amazon. 相似文献
74.
Ren Shufen Zhang Xuelin Li Wencheng Wang Wensheng Wang Jin Wang Wenjun Zhang Yuxia 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1991,3(4):95-101
The humic acid contents in drinking water and soil in Kaschin-Beck disease areas were found more than that of non-disease areas in this research. Changes of free radical concentration in drinking water were agreed with that of humic acid contents in drinking water of Kaschin-Beck disease areas. A positive correlation of free radical concentration and humic acid content in drinking water has been shown (r=0.913) . The structure of I. R. spectra of humic acid under ultraviolet light has been changed. Thus it indicated that free radical was resulted from benzoqiunonyl groups of humic acid in environment. 相似文献
75.
张瑞华 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2004,24(5):16-18
从硒的生物学作用和防治疾病等方面剖析了硒与人体健康的关系;从元素地球化学、生物地球化学和化学地理等方面探讨了我国缺硒区的形成、分布和等级的划分;从环境地球化学物质场和元素生物地球化学营养链等方面.阐明了作物、禽畜和人体缺硒的原因、危害及其人体补硒的途径和方法,提出了在缺硒区运用元素生物地球化学营养链营养结构模式的原理、和技术方法,从土壤中获取富硒有机食品,供居民食用,是进行食物补硒、提高人体摄硒量、提高人体免疫功能和防治缺硒病症的根本措施。 相似文献
76.
流行病学研究表明,空气细颗粒污染物(PM_(2.5))的暴露与过敏性疾病有一定的联系;然而,PM_(2.5)暴露与过敏性疾病之间的关系尚未完全阐明,特别是室内环境中PM_(2.5)涉及到过敏或非过敏的作用不详.为了比较研究过敏与非过敏儿童室内PM_(2.5)的细胞毒性,在武汉市洪山区10户家庭室内进行了为期3个月的采样,分别收集过敏与非过敏儿童的室内PM_(2.5).采用有机/元素碳测定仪对二者PM_(2.5)成分中的含碳组分进行了分析,并通过检测昆明小鼠巨噬细胞的形态及吞噬功能影响、细胞活力、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率等指标,来检测PM_(2.5)暴露所致的细胞毒性.结果表明,高剂量(200μg·mL~(-1))PM_(2.5)暴露对小鼠巨噬细胞的形态及吞噬功能会产生不利的影响;与非过敏儿童的室内PM_(2.5)暴露组相比,过敏儿童的室内PM_(2.5)暴露组诱导巨噬细胞产生的毒性作用更明显.细胞体外测试结果提示:在相同PM_(2.5)暴露剂量下,引起儿童过敏症的室内PM_(2.5)成分具有重要影响. 相似文献
77.
Shunjiang Li Wei Li Xia Hu Linsheng Yang Ruodeng Xirao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(1):62-68
In order to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of Kashin-Back disease (KBD) and Se concentrations, natural
soil samples and cultivated soil samples were collected from southeastern Tibet, China; and the soil Se concentrations were
measured by atomic fluorescent spectrophotometer. It was found that the mean Se concentrations of natural soil samples in
KBD areas, from the first layer to the third layer, were 0.17 mg/kg, 0.11 mg/kg, and 0.10 mg/kg, respectively, and in nondisease
areas were 0.21 mg/kg, 0.24 mg/kg, and 0.13mg/kg, respectively. The mean Se concentrations of cultivated soil samples were
0.10 mg/kg in KBD areas and 0.23 mg/kg in non-disease areas, respectively. Soil Se concentrations in KBD areas were lower
than that in non-disease areas, and the mean concentrations of soil Se in Tibet were lower than the average of China (0.29
mg/kg). Therefore, there is a close relationship between soil Se concentrations and KBD in Tibet. More studies should be concentrated
on the impacts of Se deficiency in soils and its relationship with Se concentrations in food-grain and the human body in Tibet
areas. 相似文献
78.
Norovirus Detection in Groundwater 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
79.
疾病预防控制机构废水具有重金属种类繁多、含病原体数量大、间断性排放等特点,通过运用混凝沉淀+曝气生物滤池(BIOFOR)+ClO2消毒工艺对其废水进行处理,处理后废水达到《医疗机构水污染物排放标准(》GB18466-2005)排放标准。 相似文献
80.
铜锈环棱螺对镉污染沉积物慢性胁迫的生物标志物响应 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
沉积物毒性测试是评价水生态系统中沉积物污染生态风险的重要手段.建立合适的毒性测试生物是进行沉积物毒性测试的基本前提.铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)在我国淡水水体中分布广泛,具有重要的生态价值.本研究将实验室培养的铜锈环棱螺暴露于不同含量的镉加标沉积物中28d,以评价该物种在镉污染沉积物慢性胁迫下生物标志物响应的敏感性.结果表明,除了谷胱甘肽(GSH)相对不敏感外,壳长增长率、肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、以及肝胰脏和肾脏中的金属硫蛋白(MT)均表现出相对较高的敏感性,可用作重金属污染沉积物慢性胁迫的有效生物标志物.尤其是肝胰脏SOD和CAT可以用作指示低水平镉污染沉积物长期污染胁迫下的敏感生物标志物.此外,该物种的实验室培养和毒性测试操作容易进行,可以考虑将铜锈环棱螺作为我国淡水沉积物毒性评价的候选物种. 相似文献