供碳源载体及其在低碳氮比污水处理中的应用研究

为解决低C/N污水的脱氮问题,本实验自行研制开发了一种新型碳聚合物载体.对该载体进行低C/N污水的生物膜脱氮研究,考察了HRT、pH、DO、温度等因素对系统同步硝化反硝化脱氮效果的影响.结果表明:在C/N比为4、pH=8、DO=1 mg/L、HRT=6 h,T=24℃的条件下,氨氮及总氮的去除率分别可以达到90%和70...     

盐酸酸洗废液制备复合聚合氯化硫酸铁

以盐酸酸洗废液和适量硫酸亚铁为原料 ,用盐酸或硫酸调节酸度 ,在一定的温度和压力条件下 ,经催化氧化、水解、聚合 ,反应约 3h即可制得复合聚合氯化硫酸铁。经检验 ,产品的铁 (Fe3 + )含量为 16 5 /g·L-1,亚铁 (Fe2 + )含量≤ 1.0 /g·L-1,盐基度≈ 10 .5 %。     

玻璃纤维(GFRP)布——高强混凝土界面的剥离承载力研究

高强混凝土如今被广泛应用于各种重要的民用和工业建筑物上,与其维修加固相关的问题急需人们去研究、解决。目前,外贴玻璃纤维(GFRP)布加固高强混凝土的关键问题——界面的粘结破坏机理还很少有系统研究。本文对41个粘贴GFRP布的高强混凝土试件进行了单面剪切试验,得到了不同影响因素(混凝土强度、GFRP布粘结长度、宽度比、GFRP布刚度)作用下的界面剥离承载力、应变分布以及破坏模式。统计分析承载力试验值,给出了适合高强混凝土的宽度比系数,进而得到了GFRP布—高强混凝土界面的剥离承载力计算公式;进一步将试验值与陈-腾公式进行了比较,并且检验了已有承载力模型预测的准确性;由试验得到的应变数据考察了界面应变分布,发现应变的理论计算值与试验值在弹性阶段吻合较好。高强混凝土下,超过有效粘结长度后界面的破坏模式主要为界面剥离破坏。     

Converting waste polystyrene into a polymer flocculant for wastewater treatment

We have succeeded in converting waste polystyrene from electrical appliances into a polymer flocculant for treating some kinds of wastewater after chemical modification. Waste polystyrene, such as polystyrene foam and additive-containing TV cabinets, was converted into a water-soluble polymer, polystyrene sulfate (PSS), and PSS of various degrees of aqueous viscosity was obtained by introducing sulfone bridges during sulfonation. We examined the relationship between the degree of flocculation of wastewater and the aqueous viscosity of the PSS, and found that PSS with medium viscosity is most suitable for flocculating inorganic wastewater from a factory, and PSS with high viscosity is most suitable for dewatering organic domestic wastewater. We report how PSS containing sulfone bridges works as a polymer flocculant for treating wastewater. Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000     

Release Characteristics of Nutrients from Polymer-coated Compound Controlled Release Fertilizers

Reliable information regarding release characteristics of nutrients from a polymer-coated controlled release fertilizer (CRF) is essential for beneficial agronomic and environmental results. Significant knowledge regarding nitrogen release from polymer-coated urea was gained while the information regarding the release of the different nutrients contained in polymer-coated compound N–P–K CRF remains limited. An experiment in which major factors affecting the differential release of nutrients from two coated compound CRF was performed in free water, water saturated sand and sand at field capacity. In general, nitrate release was the fastest, followed by ammonium and potassium whereas phosphate was significantly slower, with a rate of linear release in free water 45–70% slower than that of nitrate. Little differences were obtained for the lag periods of nitrate, ammonium and potassium release (2–10 days) under the experimental conditions, whereas for P they were one order of magnitude larger. The main factor slowing the release was assumed to be the lower solubility of ions with P being the least soluble. Release into free water was, expectedly, somewhat faster than that into saturated sand and significantly faster as compared to sand at field capacity and particularly so for P. Raising the temperature from 20 °C to 40 °C increased the rate of linear release of the different nutrients. The energy of activation, EA_rel, estimated for the linear release, of the different nutrients, was narrow ranging between 37 to 46 (KJ mol⁻¹) whereas the mean values obtained for the two CRF, differing by 50% in coating thickness, was non-significant. However, EA_rel was significantly different in different media. The complex effect of temperature on the lag period and nutrient interactions during release deserve further investigation.     

Using thermal analysis with kinetic calculation method to assess the thermal stability of azo compound on construction materials

The application of construction polymers in engineering and alternative materials has always occupied a place in the market. In the production process of polymer resins, initiators can be used to lower the polymerization reaction energy threshold, which can improve reaction efficiency and reduce energy loss. However, as a commonly used energetic substance in the polymerization process, azos have caused related process hazards due to their exothermic characteristics. Because of this, it is essential to examine and analyze the thermal hazard characteristics of emerging azo substances, such as 2-cyanopropan-2-imemicarbazide (CABN). Although previous literature performs the calculation on related thermal hazard parameters of CABN, there is still exists a void for discussion in estimating the reaction model to avoid analogous hazards and enhance the existing thermal analysis. Based on the past literature, the reaction model is improved with thermogravimetric analysis as evidence. The revised thermal hazard parameters are calculated as the basis of control and mitigation measures, the kinetic model is used to estimate the modified safety parameters, and in the judgment of the runaway reaction, the critical temperature of the runaway is found by analyzing the influence of slight changes in ambient temperature on the reaction temperature. The results show that the critical temperature that causes CABN to enter the runaway reaction is delayed, and the hazard is lower than in the storage situation. Therefore, the thermal hazard to CABN mainly focuses on the safety environment and measures during storage.     

浅谈污水处理过程中配制聚合物溶液粘度研究

45℃反应30 d内,120 mg/L稳定剂稳定处理后中十二站污水和未经处理的北1-J3-P49井口采出污水配制的聚合物溶液的粘度保留率89.2～107%,并随反应时间的延长粘度保留率值有增高的趋势。添加120 mg/L稳定剂聚驱具有代表性北1-Ⅱ污水站污水配制的1200 mg/L聚合物溶液,5～1000 S-1上、下行剪切速率条件下的抗剪切性能优于污水直接的聚合物溶液,且随反应时间的延长,添加稳定剂污水配制的聚合物溶液抗剪切性能相对污水直接配制的聚合物溶液更加显著,稳定剂稳定聚合物溶液效果良好。仅添加120 mg/L稳定剂污水配制的聚合物溶液,30 d的粘度保留率89.2～107%,稳定剂稳定污水配制聚合物溶液的效果良好,且5～1000 S-1上、下行剪切速率条件下的抗剪切性优于污水直接的聚合物溶液,可以推测添加稳定剂污水配制的聚合物溶液的实际调驱效果好于污水直接配制的聚合物驱替液。     

Evaluating sulfuric acid reduction,substitution, and recovery to improve environmental performance and biogas productivity in rubber latex industry

Sulfuric acid is heavily used in concentrated rubber latex factories to coagulate rubber particles in skim latex. The resulting sulfate-rich wastewater creates the onset of toxic H₂S gas production in the wastewater holding ponds, causing severe corrosion to materials and community disturbance when dispersed to ambient air. This work identified and evaluated measures to reduce H₂S production by minimizing sulfate concentration in the wastewater. Sulfuric acid use could be cut down by pre-removal of ammonia in the skim latex as well as a stricter manipulation of acid dosing. In search of a more benign chemical, a heat sensitive polymer was identified and tested as sulfuric acid substitute. The use of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer (HPMC) changed wastewater characteristics and was found to increase biogas production approximately by 2.4 times in batch assay at the initial pH 7.0 and methane yield by 2.7 times in continuous digester operation at HRT 7 days. Finally, a resource recovery option was evaluated. The remaining H₂S in the produced biogas was oxidized in the biotrickling filter to sulfuric acid that has a potential to partially supplement the fresh acid. This work demonstrated an integrated approach in waste management to improve environmental performance, safety and energy recovery in the concentrated latex industry.     

网状聚合物冠醚对重金属离子的吸附性能

以Hg（NO3）2、Cu（NO3）2水溶液为模拟工业废水，以侧链具N、S配位基的网状聚合物冠醚为吸附剂，研究了聚合物冠醚对HP(2＋)、Cu(2＋)的吸附性能。讨论了溶液温度、pH值、金属离子浓度及时间对吸附性能的影响，该聚合物冠醚对Hg(2＋)具有较高的吸附容量和较快的吸附速度。     

1.2.4-酸系列产品废水的治理方法研究

经实验室对某染料厂排放的１．２．４—酸工业废水进行处理的结果表明，混合废水经过两级混凝沉淀处理，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率可达６２．５％，色度去除率可达８０％，再经过滤及活性炭吸附，最终出水的各项水质指标均可达到国家二级排放标准。