载铁001×7改性树脂的除氟性能与机理研究

研究将H型001×7强酸树脂改性为Fe型,该树脂能有效吸附交换水中的F-.其静态饱和吸附容量达18.98mg/g,最适宜pH范围为4.5～6.0.因受膜扩散速度的制约,原水的水力条件对其除氟性能影响较大,在一定搅拌速度下,1.5小时即可达到吸附平衡.该树脂室温下的吸附等温线符合Langmuir公式,呈现出化学吸附的特征.红外光谱分析表明,除氟机理依赖于F-取代Fe3 原来吸附的配体水而与Fe3 生成配位化合物,从而具有一定的除氟能力.     

大型磷酸－磷铵企业环境风险的防范

运用工程分析，物料衡算，综合判断等方法对大型磷酸－磷铵企业的重点污染风险因子进行筛选只别，根据磷石膏库暴雨满溢时氟化物对地表水环境的污染影响，含氟废气（事故）排放对大气环境及农作物的污染影响，氨贮罐泄漏及燃爆对大气环境及健康影响的风险评价结果，重点研究了磷酸－磷铵企业环境风险的防范措施。针对广西鹿化肥公司及国内同类厂的一般情况，提出了保证库周排洪导流沟渠通畅，建设备用磷石膏库等防止暴雨满溢污染地染地表水，改造磷酸尾气洗涤吸收系统防止含氟废气（事故）排放，加强氨系统的安全管理以杜绝氨泄漏等防范措施。     

用三维平流扩散模式预测滇池地区氟化物污染

根据包含有PBL湍流统计量的三维物质连续方程,作者设计了一个同时考虑大气参数的时空(三维)变化、多个连续污染源、线性的化学转化和迁移以及复杂地形影响的三维平流扩散模式,并将滇池地区整个PBL内连续实测的湍流统计量、拉氏时间尺度、中尺度流场和混合层厚度直接输入模式,对山谷风、湖陆风和城市热岛(昆明市)中尺度局地环流控制下的氟化氢浓度的日变化作了预测。结果表明,在输入同一资料情况下,预测的结果与实测值大体上一致。     

载Fe(Ⅲ)配位体交换棉纤维吸附剂在去除饮用水中氟离子的应用

采用载Fe配位体交换棉纤维吸附剂 (Fe(Ⅲ )LECCA)对用自来水加氟化钠配制成的含氟水进行柱实验 ,并对洗脱、再生后的吸附剂进行再吸附柱实验 .结果表明 ,该吸附剂对去除饮用水中的氟离子具有工作吸附容量大、吸附速率快、选择性高、易洗脱再生的特性 .出水各项主要指标符合饮用水标准 (GB 5 749— 85 ) .多次洗脱、再生、再吸附后 ,吸附性能稳定 ,吸附剂机械强度高 .该吸附剂工作吸附容量可达 1 2 442mg·g- 1 ,相对标准偏差在 6 %以下     

The Contribution of Drinking Water towards Dental Fluorosis: A case study of Njoro Division, Nakuru District, Kenya

This study was carried out to measure the fluoride levels of water consumed in the Njoro division of Nakuru district, Kenya. The sources of drinking water, methods of water storage and utilisation, as well as the perceptions of the local community towards dental fluorosis and the percentage of children with moderate to severe dental fluorosis were also determined. Rainwater had mean fluoride levels of 0.5 mg L^-1, dams 2.4 mg L^-1, wells 4.1 mg L^-1, springs 5.5 mg L^-1, and boreholes 6.6 mg L^-1. Water stored in plastic and cement containers did not show appreciable reduction in fluoride content with storage time; water stored in metal containers reduced fluoride by up to 8.2%; water stored in clay pots had the highest reduction in fluoride content, ranging between 34.3 and 64.7%;. Forty eight point three percent of children observed in the area had moderate to severe dental fluorosis, even though most people in the area did not know the cause of the problem.There is need to educate the community on the causes of fluorosis, and to lay strategies for addressing the issue, such as encouraging more rainwater harvesting, treating drinking water with alum, or using clay pots for storage of drinking water.     

地热水养殖对鱼的卫生质量的影响

地热水中常含有某些有害的化学成分，本文论述了利用地热水养殖对鱼的影响，我们发现，由于生物富集作用，在地热水中生长的鱼含氟量较高，还含有砷，镉等污染物，因此，利用地热水养殖，应该十分注重鱼产品的卫生质量。     

大气氟污染引起植物落叶及生长物质防护效应的初步研究

梅树经氟化氢熏气后,离区纤维素酶活力升高,这可能是某些植物受大气氟污染后产生非正常落叶的原因。熏气前喷洒生长调节物质,可以相对降低纤维素酶活力,有效地抑制大气氟污染产生的落叶效应。     

Fluoride in groundwater in selected villages in Eritrea (North East Africa)

A study was undertaken to estimate fluoride content in thegroundwater in certain parts of rural Eritrea, North-East Africa,along the River Anseba. Standard procedure was adopted for fluoride detection. Results indicate elevated concentration offluoride in groundwater. The highest concentration was found tobe 3.73 mg L^-1, well above the safety level for consumption.Geological basis for the high concentration of high fluoride hasbeen established; it is presumed to be the pegmatite intrusion hosted by a granitic batholith. Extensive dental fluorosis has been observed in the population exposed to drinking water of highfluoride content.     

聚离子液体刷接枝改性PVDF膜及其对药物硫酸氢氯吡咯雷分离性能研究

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜为底膜,通过浸渍法使多巴胺(DOPA)在膜表面形成聚多巴胺(PDOPA)层,然后由化学反应固定溴代卤化物,并通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应在膜表面接枝聚离子液体刷(PBIVm-Br),以制备聚离子液体刷改性PVDF膜,即PVDF-g-PBIVm-Br膜.结果表明,改性PVDF膜的接触角下降至60°以下且显示出良好的荷正电性.改性膜的药物通量和截留率均大于未改性PVDF膜,分离10 mg·L~(-1)的硫酸氢氯吡咯雷时,改性膜(M4)的药物通量可达27.62 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),截留率为89.03%,通量恢复率为95.32%.经过60 h分离实验后,膜M4对硫酸氢氯吡咯雷溶液的分离通量维持在18.05 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),截留率从89.03%上升到92.19%.以上结果表明,聚离子液体刷改性膜在荷正电有机污染物的分离方面具有一定的应用前景.     

徐州铁路分局砀山站除氟方案比较

本文对砀山站四种除氟方案进行了比较，从工艺流程、基建投资、运行成本等方面加以综合考虑后，决定采用羟基磷酸钙全部集中式除氟方案。