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451.
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ABSTRACT: Success in measuring turbulence in water has been achieved by replacing the hot-wire probe by the hot-film probe. Accordingly, these results have greatly increased knowledge and understanding of hydromechanics. However, there are few published measurements of turbulent properties of flow with suspended solid particles. With this in mind, the authors conducted measurements of turbulent properties of flow with suspended solid particles by using a quartz-coated, wedge-shaped hot-film probe. Turbulent intensities and macroscale of eddy change in the flow with suspended solid particles on a movable bed is discussed. 相似文献
453.
天然水中Ca^2+的双波长分光光度法测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依据胶体颗粒与入射光有A=φε~(-2)λ~(-ε)关系,又φε~(-6)与CaC_2O_4-乙醇胶体体系中的Ca~(2+)浓度呈正相关,φ、ε分别为胶粒的粒数函数和粒径函数。选择两个测定波长λ_1和λ_2,解联立方程,计算φ和ε,由φ和ε求Ca~(2+)浓度。方法的线性范围为0~20μg/ml,最低检出浓度为0.4μg/ml。 相似文献
454.
研究了天然气水合物浆液在气液两相螺旋管流中流动特性,分析了以气相为连续相、水合物颗粒为离散相的气固两相螺旋流的流动机理,通过对水合物颗粒受力分析和运动分析,结合螺旋流旋涡结构演化规律,推导出水合物颗粒平动、转动的判断条件,给出了颗粒各种受力的关联式,建立螺旋管流水合物颗粒运动模型,探讨了水合物颗粒的动力学行为。分析水合物浆液流动特性得到临界速度1即水合物浆液从固定床流动向悬浮流转化速度以及临界速度2即水合物浆液从移动床流动向固定床转化速度,为水合物浆液稳定流动提供了理论判据。 相似文献
455.
456.
457.
燃煤电厂排放细微灰粒中痕量元素的分布与富集规律 总被引:19,自引:2,他引:19
本文测定了武汉市青山热电厂5^#锅炉在两种不同燃烧工况条件下,除尘器入口烟道灰的四种不同粒径灰粒中的Cu,Co,Ni,Pb,Cd,Cr和Be等七种痕量元素的含量。发现大部分元素有在细微粒子中富集的倾向,富集程度与颗粒物粒径大小、元素性质、元素存在形态及燃烧工况条件有密切关系。这种富集倾向可用痕量元素在燃烧过程中的蒸发-凝集作用来解释。 相似文献
458.
Variation of particle number and mass concentration in various size ranges of ambient aerosols in Eastern Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Th. Tuch P. Brand H.E. Wichmann J. Heyder 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1997,31(24):4193-4197
There is an ongoing debate on the question which size fraction of particles in ambient air may be responsible for short-term responses of the respiratory system as observed in several epidemiological studies. However, the available data on ambient particle concentrations in various size ranges are not sufficient to answer this question.Therefore, on 180 days during the winter 1991/92 daily mean size distributions of ambient particles were determined in. Erfurt, a city in Eastern Germany. In the range 0.01–0.3 μm particles were classified by an electrical mobility analyzer and in the range 0.1–2.5 μm by an optical particle counter. From the derived size distributions, number and mass concentrations were calculated.The mean number concentration over this period of time was governed by particles smaller than 0.1 μm (72%), whereas the mean mass concentration was governed by particles in the size range 0.1–0.5 pm (83%). The contribution of particles larger than 0.5 μm to the overall number concentration was negligible and so was the contribution of particles smaller than 0.1 μm to the overall mass concentration. Furthermore, total number and mass concentrations in the range 0.01–2.5 μm were poorly correlated.The results suggest that particles larger than 2.5 μm (or even larger than 0.5 μm) are rare in the European urban environment so that the inhalation of these particles is probably not relevant for human health. Since particle number and mass concentrations can be considered poorly correlated variables, more insight into health-related aspects of particulate air pollution will be obtained by correlating respiratory responses with mass and number concentrations of ambient particles below 0.5 μm. 相似文献
459.
Lattice Boltzmann method and elastic particle collision model were used to investigate the sedimentation of short cylindrical pollutant particles with mechanical contacts for varying bulk number density ε and terminal Reynolds number ReT. The corresponding experiments were performed as a comparison. The clusters of pollutant particles with an inverted “T” structure were observed, the pollutant particles for high ε and large ReT scattered wider than that for low ε and small ReT. The sedimentation velocities increased suddenly at the initial stage, then decreased drastically, after that swayed around and approached to a steady value. The time to steady state did not depend on ε and ReT. The effect of particle interactions was to hinder the average sedimentation velocity, and hindrance was directly proportional to ε. The orientation distributions of pollutant particles depended on ReT and ε, especially on the former. Both the standard deviations of vertical and horizontal velocity, the former was larger than the latter, were nearly independent on ε and ReT. 相似文献
460.
区域大气细粒子污染特征及快速来源解析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在广东大气超级站使用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(SPAMS)等仪器开展综合观测,2013年12月共监测到两个污染过程,主要的化学成分为元素碳(EC),占总颗粒数的56.8%,其次为有机碳(OC)和重金属(HM),分别占总颗粒数的12.7%和10.1%.两个污染过程中,不同颗粒类别的变化趋势有差异,说明两个污染过程的污染特征有所不同.污染来源分析发现,监测期间主要受到机动车尾气源和燃煤源的影响,二者分别占24.8%和22%;其次为工业工艺源和生物质燃烧,分别占16.4%和10.3%.第一个污染过程中,工业工艺源是首要污染源,而随着颗粒物浓度的增高,燃煤和二次无机气溶胶的比例明显增加,说明此污染过程中受一次污染源(燃煤源和工业工艺源)和二次光化学反应的复合影响.而第二个污染过程中,机动车尾气为首要污染源,其次是燃煤和工业工艺源,整个过程中各源的比例较为稳定,说明该次污染过程主要由不利气象条件导致的污染物累积形成. 相似文献