锌金属硫蛋白对PM2.5暴露的运动大鼠血清抗氧化酶及免疫指标的影响

为了探讨锌-金属硫蛋白(Zn-Metallothionein,Zn-MT)对细颗粒污染运动大鼠血清抗氧化酶及免疫指标的影响.选取雄性SD大鼠56只,随机分为安静对照组、运动对照组、Zn-MT+运动组、低剂量PM2.5+运动组、Zn-MT+低剂量PM2.5+运动组、高剂量PM2.5+运动组、Zn-MT+高剂量PM2.5+运动组,采用递增负荷跑台训练后即刻处死,取血测定大鼠血清CAT、T-SOD、GSH、GSH-Px、白细胞介素IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、MCP-1、MCP-R1α、并进行有关统计学检验.结果表明,与安静组相比,运动组抗氧化酶下降,白细胞介素及免疫因子升高;与运动对照组相比,PM2.5染毒组大鼠血清SOD、GSH、GSH-Px活性下降且有剂量相同趋势变化;IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、MCP-1、MIP-1α显著性上升;补充Zn-MT后,血清抗氧化酶呈回升趋势;IL-2、IL-6、IL-8、MCP-1、MIP-1α有所下降.补充Zn-MT在一定程度上可以减轻由于运动产生自由基而对机体造成氧化应激损伤,保护机体的免疫系统,增强机体的运动能力.     

南水北调中线源头区降雨径流中多环芳烃分布特征

研究了南水北调中线源头区降雨径流中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源.根据不同土地利用类型修建了5组径流场收集径流,采用GC/MS对径流中美国EPA优先控制的16种PAHs进行了检测分析.结果表明,3种土地利用类型降雨径流水相中PAHs含量平均值为：耕地（26.53 ng·L^-1）〉栎林（20.91 ng·L^-1）〉果园（1...     

油粒子体积对扩散的影响及油膜粒子化改进

在应用油粒子法模拟溢油运动时,特征油粒子在体积和油膜粒子化方法上可以有多种选择,文章就不同特征体积的油粒子对溢油面积的影响进行了分析和比较,结果显示,溢油量相同时,特征油粒子的体积每减小一倍,溢油扩散面积增加14%-25%,减小10倍时,达到31%-43%.针对溢油扩散面积计算不足的情况,已有学者提出用"两阶段"法进行...     

珠江口水体组分的吸收特性分析

水体组分吸收特性是水下光场和水面光谱的主要影响因子,对其进行研究有助于提高对水体光学特性的认识和水质参数的遥感反演.基于2013年7月珠江口水体30个样本的实测数据,对珠江口水体总颗粒物、非藻类颗粒物、浮游藻类和CDOM的吸收特征进行了分析,结果表明:1总颗粒物吸收特征为非藻类颗粒物主导类型;2非藻类颗粒物的吸收系数遵循指数衰减规律,主要来源是陆源性输入,指数斜率Sd均值与空间变化幅度高于内陆二类水体;3多项式关系能较好地表达aph(440)与叶绿素a浓度的关系,而aph(675)与叶绿素a浓度存在很好的线性相关,辅助色素对浮游藻类吸收系数的影响主要在短波波段,长波波段叶绿素a的影响占主导地位,比吸收系数随叶绿素a浓度的增加而减小,呈现幂指数衰减规律;4CDOM输入以陆源为主,光谱曲线在紫外波段250~290 nm之间存在一个吸收肩,按光谱特征分段拟合Sg值能够更好地表达CDOM吸收特性,M值与A段(240~260 nm)的斜率Sg值呈现较强的正相关,珠江口水体的M值较小,CDOM中腐殖酸含量较高;5珠江口水体非色素颗粒物吸收在总吸收中占主导地位,浮游藻类吸收对总吸收的贡献远小于非色素颗粒物,CDOM吸收对总吸收的贡献最小,当CDOM中腐殖酸含量较高时,CDOM对水体总吸收的贡献大,腐殖酸含量较低时,CDOM对水体总吸收的贡献小.     

Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of atmospheric particles during heating period in Harbin, China

Atmospheric particles（total suspended particles（TSPs）; particulate matter（PM） with particle size below 10 μm, PM10; particulate matter with particle size below 2.5 μm, PM2.5）were collected and analyzed during heating and non-heating periods in Harbin. The sources of PM10 and PM2.5were identified by the chemical mass balance（CMB） receptor model.Results indicated that PM2.5/TSP was the most prevalent and PM2.5was the main component of PM210, while the presence of PM10–100was relatively weak. SO-4and NO-3concentrations were more significant than other ions during the heating period. As compared with the non-heating period, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Si, Ti, Zn, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Fe and K were relatively higher during the heating period. In particular, Mn, Ni, S, Si, Ti, Zn and As in PM2.5were obviously higher during the heating period. Organic carbon（OC） in the heating period was 2–5 times higher than in the non-heating period. Elemental carbon（EC） did not change much. OC/EC ratios were 8–11 during the heating period, which was much higher than in other Chinese cities（OC/EC： 4–6）. Results from the CMB indicated that 11 pollution sources were identified, of which traffic, coal combustion, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and secondary organic carbon made the greatest contribution. Before the heating period, dust and petrochemical industry made a larger contribution. In the heating period, coal combustion and secondary sulfate were higher. After the heating period, dust and petrochemical industry were higher. Some hazardous components in PM2.5were higher than in PM10, because PM2.5has a higher ability to absorb toxic substances. Thus PM2.5pollution is more significant regarding human health effects in the heating period.     

Triboelectric charging behavior of wood particles during pellet handling processes

Electrostatic charges accumulated on wood particles through triboelectrification during their transportation and handling processes can cause hazardous electrical discharge which may further trigger dust explosion. In this work, tribo-charging behavior of different kinds of wood particles was investigated by a vibrating plate charging method. It was found that reduction in the work function difference between contact bodies might contribute to the reduction of tribo-charge generation, while the reduction of electrical resistivity of wood pellets could effectively accelerate the charge dissipation. As the particle size decreases, accumulated charges increase significantly. In contrast, higher moisture content of wood particles leads to lower charge accumulation due to an accelerated charge dissipation rate. Tribo-charging behaviors of white pellets, torrefied pellet, steam treated pellets and dark pellets have also been investigated. Compared to the white pellets, they all have shown a reduction on charge accumulation to some extent. However, results suggested that all of them have nearly equivalent tribo-charge density as coal and wheat grains used as references in this study.     

Application of a Fibrous Electrostatic Filterfor Treatment of Diesel Exhaust

The paper presents results of investigations of a novel method for diesel exhaust filtration in a fibrous filter supplemented by the external electrostatic field (FEF), which may be used to eliminate the occupational hazard near sources of diesel emission. The reported research follows the preliminary basic study of soot removal in such systems (Ciach, Sosnowski, & Podgórski, 1995), and is focused on the construction and testing of a prototype technical-scale FEF device. The results suggest a strong relation between applied voltage and filtration efficiency of the system and demonstrate the influence of aerosol precharging on the efficiency, which can be more than 95%.     

应用化学提取法评价大气颗粒物中重金属的生物有效性

以广州市楼顶降尘为研究对象,在分析其粒度分布和重金属总量的基础上,采用单一化学提取法（DWLP、TCLP）和多级化学提取法（SEP）研究了大气颗粒物中4种重金属元素的生物有效性。结果表明：样品中96％以上颗粒小于100μm,其中10μm和2．5μm以下颗粒分别占33％和11％。大气颗粒物中重金属含量很高,Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd的平均含量分别为362．43、1033．81、830．32和5．80mg／kg,是广东省环境土壤背景值的17～64倍。单一提取法中,TCLP的提取效率明显高于DWLP,表明pH值是影响大气颗粒物中重金属释放的主要因素。SEP法结果显示,Zn和Cd的生物可利用态比例远高于Cu和Pb。经DWLP和TCLP法提取后,颗粒物中重金属的总含量有不同程度的降低,生物可利用态所占比例明显增加。通过综合分析,发现SEP此其他两种方法更适用于评价大气颗粒物中重金属的生物有效性。     

Radioactive particles in dose assessments

Radioactive particles present a novel exposure pathway for members of the public. For typical assessments of potential doses received by members of the public, habit surveys and environmental monitoring combine to allow the assessment to occur. In these circumstances it is believed that the probability of encounter/consumption is certain. The potential detriment is assessed through sampling the use of environmental monitoring data and dose coefficients such as that in ICRP 60 [ICRP, 1990. 1990 Recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection. Publication 60. Annals of the ICRP 21 (1-3)]. However, radioactive particles often represent a hazard that is difficult to quantify and where the probability of encounter is less than certain as are the potential effects on health. Normal assessment methodologies through sampling and analysis are not appropriate for assessing the impact of radioactive particles either prospectively or retrospectively. This paper details many of the issues that should be considered when undertaking an assessment of the risk to health posed by radioactive particles.     

冲缝筛管结垢速率模拟研究*

为对防砂过程中因地层物性影响而导致冲缝筛管出现结垢问题进行准确的过程分析,基于FLUENT平台利用现场数据建立流道中的化学反应和沉积结垢的数值模型,评估管道缝宽、环境压力、温度、离子浓度与流速对冲缝筛管结垢速率的影响规律。结果表明:筛管结垢速率与管内温度和离子浓度成正相关,与管内流体流速成负相关,但环境压力影响不大,同时结垢主要产生在冲缝台阶以及冲缝套与打孔基管的接触面上,对产液的过流面积存在较大影响;结合正交分析得到4个敏感因素的主次顺序为:管内温度、管内流速、反应物浓度、环境压力,并确定最小结垢的组合方案;通过DPM模型探究CaCO3颗粒的沉积规律,得到管内的沉积情况,并建立多因素垢层厚度的计算模型。在实际生产中为降低筛管结垢对油井产能的影响,可以通过降低管内的温度、离子浓度及适当地增大流速来抑制结垢过程的发生。