Tuning the primary selective nanochannels of MOF thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes for efficient removal of hydrophobic endocrine disrupting compounds

• PA layer properties tune the primary nanochannels in MIL-101(Cr) TFN NF membranes. • The dense PA layer induced transition of primary nanochannels of TFN NF membranes. • Nanochannels around MOF contributed to the improved flux with a loose PA structure. • Nanochannels in MOFs dominated the separation performance with a dense PA structure. Metal organic framework (MOF) incorporated thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes have the potential to enhance the removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). In MOF-TFN membranes, water transport nanochannels include (i) pores of polyamide layer, (ii) pores in MOFs and (iii) channels around MOFs (polyamide-MOF interface). However, information on how to tune the nanochannels to enhance EDCs rejection is scarce, impeding the refinement of TFN membranes toward efficient removal of EDCs. In this study, by changing the polyamide properties, the water transport nanochannels could be confined primarily in pores of MOFs when the polyamide layer became dense. Interestingly, the improved rejection of EDCs was dependent on the water transport channels of the TFN membrane. At low monomer concentration (i.e., loose polyamide structure), the hydrophilic nanochannels of MIL-101(Cr) in the polyamide layer could not dominate the membrane separation performance, and hence the extent of improvement in EDCs rejection was relatively low. In contrast, at high monomer concentration (i.e., dense polyamide structure), the hydrophilic nanochannels of MIL-101(Cr) were responsible for the selective removal of hydrophobic EDCs, demonstrating that the manipulation of water transport nanochannels in the TFN membrane could successfully overcome the permeability and EDCs rejection trade-off. Our results highlight the potential of tuning primary selective nanochannels of MOF-TFN membranes for the efficient removal of EDCs.     

凹凸棒土/苯胺-邻氨基酚复合吸附剂的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

采用原位聚合法制备了凹凸棒土/苯胺-邻氨基酚（ATP/PANOAP）复合吸附剂,对其进行了SEM和FTIR表征,并通过吸附实验考察了ATP/PANOAP对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。实验结果表明,ATP/PANOAP对水中Cr（Ⅵ）具有良好的去除效果,在Cr（Ⅵ）初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、溶液pH为6、吸附剂加入量为0.375 g/L、温度为298 K的条件下,Cr（Ⅵ）去除率达93.39%。ATP/PANOAP对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附热力学过程符合Langmuir单层吸附模型,该吸附过程以化学吸附为主,且为自发进行的吸热反应。     

剩余污泥吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能研究

利用城市污水处理厂剩余活性污泥,采用先干燥再浸渍于不同浓度活化剂,再于不同温度、时间下热解的流程,对有机剩余污泥进行改性吸附剂研究。采用正交设计以确定最佳制备条件,并对吸附剂的有机组成和比表面积等参数进行了测定。研究结果表明,有机污泥制备吸附剂的最佳条件是,污泥与活化剂质量比为5∶3,在550℃下恒温热解60min,所得改性污泥吸附剂具有最大比表面积;并利用制备的改性污泥对直接深棕M和酸性媒介棕RH染料进行吸附试验,动力学吸附速率符合Lagergren模型,吸附等温线与Freundlich和Langmuir模型有较好的拟合。同时与商品活性炭吸附性能进行对比,结果显示改性吸附剂吸附容量小于活性炭。     

Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Mini-Channel with Water Infiltration Continuously Along the Flow Direction

Characteristics of air–water two-phase flow pattern in a square-mini-channel were investigated experimentally. One sidewall of the flow channel was made of a permeable porous media. Air was fed into the channel from its inlet, while liquid water was injected uniformly into the channel along the permeable sidewall. Based on the results of visualization, the typical flow patterns encountered in the conventional co-current gas–liquid two-phase flow were not observed in the present work. Flow patterns of this special gas–liquid two-phase flow were catalogued, and the influence of gas flow rate and liquid infiltration rate on flow patterns was also analyzed. The results also indicate that the channel differential pressure on both sides brings obvious fluctuations when the liquid is infiltrated. The frequency of this fluctuation depends not only on the amount of liquid infiltration but also relies on the gas flow rate significantly. However, the amount of liquid infiltration barely affects the fluctuation in the amplitude of the pressure differential.     

碳纳米管基复合吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能

为了解决碳纳米管(CNTs)在吸附水中污染物时易聚集、难分离的问题,本文采用静电自组装技术将碳纳米管固定化在具有微米级粒径的碳酸钙颗粒表面,设计制备了壳-核结构的CNTs基复合吸附剂.实验考查了不同碳纳米管分散体系对复合吸附剂制备的影响,并采用Zeta电位、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等手段对复合吸附剂的制备过程和结构进行表征,探讨了制备的碳纳米管基复合吸附剂对菲的吸附性能.结果发现,复合吸附剂对菲的吸附能力随CNTs载量的增加而增大,CNTs标化的吸附系数则随CNTs载量的增加而下降,碳纳米管是复合吸附剂的主要吸附位点.     

Effects of surfactants on graphene oxide nanoparticles transport in saturated porous media

Transport behaviors of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) in saturated porous media were examined as a function of the presence and concentration of anionic surfactant (SDBS) and non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) under different ionic strength (IS). The results showed that the GONPs were retained obviously in the sand columns at both IS of 50 and 200 mmol/L, and they were more mobile at lower IS. The presence and concentration of surfactants could enhance the GONP transport, particularly as observed at higher IS. It was interesting to see that the GONP transport was surfactant type dependent, and SDBS was more effective to facilitate GONP transport than Triton X-100 in our experimental conditions. The advection–dispersion–retention numerical modeling followed this trend and depicted the difference quantitatively. Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction calculations also were performed to interpret these effects, indicating that secondary minimum deposition was critical in this study.     

火箭煤油防毒面具的研制

针对火箭煤油推进剂呼吸防护需要,研制了火箭煤油过滤式防毒面具。通过实验筛选和重点改性,研制了基于椰壳活性炭的滤毒罐,设计了双罐口鼻式防毒面罩。结果表明,研制的防毒面具对2000 mg/m3、30 L/min火箭煤油蒸气的有效防护时间不少于5 h。研制的防毒面具可用于火箭煤油生产、使用场所的作业人员呼吸防护。     

Novel Fe/glass composite adsorbent and its property for arsenic(V) removal

An effective adsorbent for arsenic removal was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of waste glass powder (HGP), followed by loading iron(III) oxyhydorxide on the surface of waste glass powder (GP). The ?Si-O-H group was formed on the surface of GP and the specific surface area of GP powder was slightly increased after hydrothermal treatment. FeOOH was loaded on the surface of HGP by the hydrolysis of FeCl3. The formation conditions of FeOOH were also investigated. The ability of this new adsorbent for arsenic removal was tested. The results indicate that the highest arsenic removal efficiency is about 97% for 1 mg/L As(V) solution at pH 6 and keeping time 2h.     

白酒糟稻壳吸附剂去除水面油污的研究

白酒糟稻壳活性炭吸附剂是一种产率高、悬浮率高、不存在二次污染、对水面油污吸附量大的良好吸附剂.该吸附剂对不同油脂吸附性能不同.本文对两种润滑油进行研究,发现吸附剂对二硫化钼润滑油的吸附容量比钙基润滑脂的大,对二硫化钼润滑油,仅10 min便达到其饱和吸油量6.26 g/g.白酒糟稻壳吸附剂吸收水蒸汽后,对二硫化钼润滑油的饱和吸油量仍为原吸油量的80%～90%.对特定油脂,白酒糟稻壳吸附剂是一种优良的亲油疏水吸附剂.研究结果为废弃物白酒糟稻壳资源化开辟了一条新途径,同时也为水面油污的去除提供了一种新方法.     

碘氧化铋/钨酸铜复合材料的制备及对氟喹诺酮类抗生素的吸附性能

为开发高效抗生素吸附剂,将钨酸铜通过静电作用负载到碘氧化铋晶体表面,制备了新型多金属氧酸盐复合材料（BiOI/CuWO₄）,并以扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱与X射线能谱等对其进行表征.选用环丙沙星（CIP）、恩诺沙星（ENR）、诺氟沙星（NOR）、氧氟沙星（OFL）这4种典型氟喹诺酮类抗生素（FQs）作为研究对象,在建立同时测定这4种FQs的高效液相色谱分析方法基础上,研究了BiOI/CuWO₄对FQS的吸附性能及溶液pH值和吸附剂量等对吸附的影响.结果表明,实验浓度范围内BiOI/CuWO₄对NOR、CIP、ENR和OFL的最大吸附量分别为277.8、149.3、113.6和112.4 mg·g^-1,且能够在3 h内达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合准二级吸附动力学模型,对CIP、ENR和OFL的吸附等温线基本复合Langmuir模型,而对NOR的吸附则更加符合Freundlich模型.与其它吸附剂相比,BiOI/CuWO₄对4种典型FQs具有较高的吸附量及较好的重复利用性,更符合实际应用需求.