吸附邻氯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂，邻氯酚为吸附质，氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂，采用微波间歇辐照的方法，对吸附氯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究。系统分析了微波功率、辐照时间、碱液浓度对脱附效果的影响，并确定了最佳脱附条件。结果表明，微波辐照再生速度非常快。与传统热脱附不同，微波再生过程中脱附效率并不随碱浓度的增加而升高，微波辐照功率和辐照时间对脱附效果影响明显。树脂经多批次微波辐照，吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定。     

Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by condensed tannin gel adsorbent

Lead has caused serious environmental pollution due to its toxicity, accumulation in food chains and persistence in nature.In this paper, lead removal from aqueous solutions was investigated using condensed tannin gel adsorbent synthesized from a natural tannin compound. It is found that the adsorption is strongly affected by pH values of aqueous solutions.Within pH range of 3.5-6,when initial lead concentration is 100 mg/L, removal efficiency is more than 90%.Adsorption equilibrium is reached within 150 minutes.The adsorption isotherm fits well with the Langmuir equation, by which the saturated adsorption uptake of 190 mg Pb^2 /g dry tannin gel adsorbent is obtained.By means of thermodynamics analysis,it is revealed that the process is exothermic and the adsorption heat is up to 38.4kJ/mol.With respect to high efficiency, moderate pH requirement and minimized second pollution, the tannin gel adsorbent exhibits a promising potential in the removal of lead from wastewater.     

铁-铈水合氧化物吸附剂除磷的间歇试验研究

采用共沉淀法合成铁-铈水合氧化物脱磷吸附剂，进行其对水溶液中磷酸盐吸附的速率曲线、pH值影响曲线、吸附等温线等的测定。结果显示，该复合吸附剂在pH=2～6范围内均具有良好的吸附除磷效果，其最大静态吸附量是粉末活性氧化铝的1.8倍以上。对富磷吸附剂的解吸及再生试验显示，该吸附剂可循环使用，一次再生后吸附容量约为新鲜吸附剂容量的90％。     

高性能铅离子吸附剂

总结了铅离子吸附剂的种类、吸附原理及吸附性能,列举了各类吸附剂的特点,并比较了它们的吸附性能。指出合成类吸附剂具有理化性能稳定、吸附性能优异等优势,是高性能铅离子吸附剂的发展方向。     

羟基铁柱撑蒙脱石同时吸附水溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)和As(Ⅴ)的研究

为同时去除水溶液中的Cd（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅴ），采用羟基铁柱撑改性获得改性蒙脱石，并深入研究了其吸附性能和吸附机理.同时，采用BET比表面积、SEM、XRD和XPS等手段分析了改性前后蒙脱石的结构特征；采用批实验分别研究了改性蒙脱石对水体中Cd（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅴ）的吸附动力学和热力学特征，并探讨了Cd（Ⅱ）-As（Ⅴ）复合体系中镉、砷相互作用对改性蒙脱石等温吸附镉、砷的影响.结果表明，改性蒙脱石的比表面积较改性前增加了28.2%，XPS测试结果表明改性蒙脱石成功引入羟基铁.改性蒙脱石单一吸附Cd（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅴ）的最优初始pH分别为6.5和5.5，且25℃时分别在10 h和5 h内达到吸附平衡，吸附过程均符合准二级动力学方程；Langmuir等温吸附模型能更好地描述改性蒙脱石对Cd（Ⅱ）的吸附，最大吸附量为21.36 mg·g^-1，该吸附过程是离子交换和化学络合共同作用的结果；Freundlich等温吸附模型能更好地解释改性蒙脱石对As（Ⅴ）的吸附，最大吸附量为11.45 mg·g^-1，该吸附过程是化学络合作用的结果（改性剂投加量均为2 g·L^-1）.在Cd（Ⅱ）-As（Ⅴ）复合体系中，镉、砷之间存在相互作用，pH为5.5时，吸附量高于改性蒙脱石对单一Cd（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅴ）的吸附量，分别增加了14.4%和23.7%，表明合成的羟基铁柱撑蒙脱石对镉、砷复合污染农田具有同时去除Cd（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅴ）的修复潜力.     

负载型TiO2固定相光催化降解水中偏二甲肼

以多孔硅胶为载体，采用简单工艺制得的负载型化剂ＴｉＯ２，经实验证明，具有催化活性良好，性能稳定，不易脱落，可重复使用等优点，在紫外光条件下降解水中偏二甲肼，光照２h降解率达到６５％，通入空气，加入Ｃｕ＾２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２等都有利于偏二甲肼的降解，光照２h的降解率分别提高到７０％。９０％和９５％。     

Bimetallic nickel molybdate supported Pt catalyst for efficient removal of formaldehyde at low temperature

Efficient removal of formaldehyde from indoor environments is of significance for human health.In this work,a typical binary transition metal oxide that could provide various oxidation states,β-NiMoO_4,was employed as a support to immobilize the active Pt component(Pt/NiMoO_4) for catalytic formaldehyde elimination at low ambient temperature(15℃).The results showed that the hydrothermal preparation temperature and time had a noticeable impact on the morphology and catalytic activity of the samples.The catalyst prepared with hydrothermal temperature of 150℃ for 4 hr(Pt-150-4) exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability mainly due to its distinctly porous structure,relative abundance of adsorbed surface hydroxyls/water,and high oxidation ability,which resulted from the interaction of Pt with Ni and Mo of the bimetallic NiMoO_4 support.Our results might shed light on the rational design of multifunctional catalysts for removal of indoor air pollutants at low ambient temperature.     

Catalytic activity of porous manganese oxides for benzene oxidation improved via citric acid solution combustion synthesis

Various manganese oxides (MnO_x) prepared via citric acid solution combustion synthesis were applied for catalytic oxidation of benzene. The results showed the ratios of citric acid/manganese nitrate in synthesizing process positively affected the physicochemical properties of MnO_x, e.g., BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area, porous structure, reducibility and so on, which were in close relationship with their catalytic performance. Of all the catalysts, the sample prepared at a citric acid/manganese nitrate ratio of 2:1 (C2M1) displayed the best catalytic activity with T₉₀ (the temperature when 90% of benzene was catalytically oxidized) of 212℃. Further investigation showed that C2M1 was Mn₂O₃ with abundant nano-pores, the largest surface area and the proper ratio of surface Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺, resulting in preferable low-temperature reducibility and abundant surface active adsorbed oxygen species. The analysis results of the in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FTIR) revealed that the benzene was successively oxidized to phenolate, o-benzoquinone, small molecules (such as maleates, acetates, and vinyl), and finally transformed to CO₂ and H₂O.     

三乙烯四胺改性风化煤对废水中Ni2+的吸附机制

为提高风化煤对Ni2+的吸附性能,以XWC（新疆风化煤）为基体,TETA（三乙烯四胺）为改性剂,采用交联反应联合超声波振荡制备ACA（胺化煤基吸附剂）,利用SEM（扫描电镜）等手段对其进行表征,并考察了体系pH、吸附剂用量、反应时间及溶液初始ρ（Ni2+）对吸附过程的影响,通过吸附动力学和吸附等温模型对吸附机制进行描述.结果表明,TETA中的多乙烯多胺基成功接枝到煤粉表面使风化煤的表面颗粒增多,比表面积由6.875 m2/g减至3.440 m2/g,孔容由0.011 cm3/g减至0.005 cm3/g.在pH为8.0、ACA用量为0.4 g时吸附效果最好.ACA和XWC对Ni2+的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学方程及Langmuir吸附等温模型.拟合得ACA的饱和吸附量为188.68 mg/g,较改性前提高了5.1倍.研究显示,ACA处理ρ（Ni2+）范围为200~1 000 mg/L的废水时,对Ni2+的去除率稳定在95%以上.      

活性炭对垃圾渗滤液中甲醛、苯酚和苯胺吸附规律的研究

本采用经过预处理的200目活性炭作为吸附剂进行吸附实验，研究了在不同的活性炭加入量、吸附pH值、吸附温度、初始质量浓度和吸附时间等条件下，活性炭吸附甲醛、苯酚和苯胺单组份溶液的规律。吸附实验中，甲醛、苯酚和苯胺的初始质量浓度控制在垃圾渗滤液的范围，同时，其它条件也按照吸附操作的常用条件进行。结果表明：活性炭对苯酚和苯胺的吸附量随着pH值的升高呈下降的趋势，而对甲醛的吸附量呈上升的趋势；初始质量浓度对吸附量的影响较小；随温度的升高，吸附量呈下降的趋势；活性炭对甲醛、苯酚和苯胺吸附达到饱和时，所需时间分别为120min、40mm和80min左右，饱和吸附量分别为0．0148mg／g、0．708mg／g和1.14mg／g左右；由吸附等温公式的拟合结果显示，吸附是一复杂的过程，不是单一的物理或化学吸附。此外，活性炭对垃圾渗滤液的吸附处理，有较好的效果，去除率为55％～65％。所得活性炭的吸附规律，既可以为活性炭吸附这些物质或近似物提供参考，又可以为新型吸附剂的研制提供参照标准。