水合氧化铁对废水中磷酸根的吸附-解吸性能研究

以FeCl₃为原料制备水合氧化铁吸附剂,研究其对废水中磷酸根的吸附-解吸性能.结果表明,随着溶液pH的降低,水合氧化铁对磷酸根的吸附能力不断提高,其吸附动力学曲线符合二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型.被吸附的磷酸根在50 g/L的NaOH溶液中进行解吸,解吸率>98%.解吸率与单位水合氧化铁的吸附饱和程度没有相关性.利用水合氧化铁对城市某污水处理厂污泥浓缩池上清液进行磷的吸附和解吸实验,结果表明该工艺对磷的回收率>90%.根据实验结果设计了城市污水中磷去除和回收工艺流程,该流程包括：吸附过程、解吸再生过程、富磷解吸液中磷回收等过程.     

Simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream using non-thermal plasma

In order to investigate the feasibility of sequential removal NO and SO_2 using non-thermal plasma and adsorbent simultaneously,the removal of NO and SO_2 from dry gas stream(NO/SO_2/N_2/O_2)with very little O_2 using non-thermal plasma was investigated using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge.Comparative experiments were carried out in the dry gas stream with and without Ar respectively at O_2 concentration of 0.1%.The results showed that NO could be removed remarkably and it would be enhanced in the presence of Ar in the dry gas stream.It seems that SO_2 could not be removed unless there is Ar in the dry gas stream.The mechanism of removal of NO and SO_2 in the dry gas stream was discussed.     

人造沸石的载铁改性及除去水中氟的性能

以人造沸石为载体,采用盐酸浸泡活化和氯化铁溶液浸泡改性的方法制备除氟吸附剂,用模拟高氟水样进行静态吸附及动态过柱实验.动力学研究结果表明:吸附剂吸附速度快,40 min接近吸附平衡,吸附速率可用拟二级动力学方程描述.吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,饱和吸附量为9.83 mg/g,吸附平衡常数为0.030 2 L/m...     

新型Fe3O4@SA/La复合凝胶微球的制备及吸附性能

将海藻酸钠（SA）、Fe₃O₄和La（Ⅲ）离子通过溶液反应法制得一种新型磁性海藻酸镧复合凝胶微球（Fe₃O₄@SA/La）,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及红外光谱（FT-IR）等进行表征.以直接红棕RN（DRB RN）和直接深棕2M（DDB 2M）2种直接染料为吸附对象,考察了染料溶液pH值、吸附时间和温度对吸附剂性能的影响.结果表明：在吸附剂投加量为0.1g、染料溶液自然pH值条件下,Fe₃O₄@SA/La复合凝胶微球室温下对DDB 2M和DRB RN均有良好的吸附性,120min即可达吸附平衡,吸附量分别可达678和688mg/g.吸附过程符合拟二级吸附动力学方程,等温吸附符合Freundlich模型.吸附剂对2种染料的吸附热力学参数（ΔG<0、ΔH<0、ΔS>0）表明吸附反应均为混乱度增加的自发放热反应.     

SnS2/α-Al2O3对酸性废水中汞离子的去除机制

基于硫化物与汞亲和性较强的特性,构建了SnS₂/α-Al₂O₃复合型除汞吸附剂材料.实验结果表明,该复合材料对Hg²⁺的最大吸附容量可达950mg/g,其吸附效果不受pH值（酸性pH=1~6）影响,汞浓度为65mg/L时,均能达到近100%的汞去除效率.同时,吸附过程不会受其他金属离子（Cd²⁺、Cr³⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺等）的强烈干扰,汞浓度为1mmol/L条件下,汞的去除速率及效率均未有很大差距.吸附过程未有大量Sn²⁺析出,证明了该复合材料的酸性稳定性.通过吸附动力学以及吸附机制研究表明,该吸附过程为单层化学吸附.通过盐酸溶液浸泡洗涤,可以实现SnS₂/α-Al₂O₃复合材料的再生和循环使用.     

Stabilization of nanoscale zero-valent iron in water with mesoporous carbon (nZVI@MC)

Two challenges persist in the applications of nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) for environmental remediation and waste treatment: limited mobility due to rapid aggregation and short lifespan in water due to quick oxidation. Herein, we report the nZVI incorporated into mesoporous carbon(MC) to enhance stability in aqueous solution and mobility in porous media. Meanwhile, the reactivity of nZVI is preserved thanks to high temperature treatment and confinement of carbon framework. Small-sized(～16 nm) nZVI nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed in the whole carbon frameworks. Importantly, the nanoparticles are partially trapped across the carbon walls with a portion exposed to the mesopore channels. This unique structure not only is conductive to hold the nZVI tightly to avoid aggregation during mobility but also provides accessible active sites for reactivity. This new type of nanomaterial contains ～10 wt% of iron. The nZVI@MC possesses a high surface area(～ 500 m~2/g) and uniform mesopores(～ 4.2 nm) for efficient pollutant diffusion and reactions. Also, high porosity of nZVI@MC contributes to the stability and mobility of nZVI. Laboratory column experiments further demonstrate that nZVI@MC suspension(～4 g Fe/L) can pass through sand columns much more efficiently than bare nZVI while the high reactivity of nZVI@MC is confirmed from reactions with Ni(II). It exhibits remarkably better performance in nickel(20 mg/L) extraction than mesoporous carbon, with 88.0% and 33.0%uptake in 5 min, respectively.     

Adsorption of single and mixed haloacetonitriles on silica-based porous materials: Mechanisms and effects of porous structures

Adsorption mechanisms and the role of different porous and crystalline structures on the removal of five haloacetonitriles (HANs) over hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS), titanium substituted mesoporous silica (Ti-HMS), rod-shaped SBA-15 and microporous zeolite NaY were investigated. In addition, the effect of pH on adsorption mechanism and selective adsorption of five HANs individually and in an equimolar mixed solution were evaluated. The results indicated that the intraparticle diffusion rate constants of the mesoporous adsorbents were higher than that of the microporous NaY. In single solute, the order of adsorption preference (highest to lowest) was mono-HANs?>?di-HANs?>?tri-HAN. However, in mixed solute, the large molecular weight of the tri-HAN and di-HANs are more easily adsorbed than the smaller molecular weight mono-HANs. Except for SBA-15, the order of adsorption capacities in mixed HANs solute was not different compared to that observed for the single HAN solute, which might be caused by the higher accessibility to the active sites due to larger pore size. The ion-dipole electrostatic interaction was likely to be the main adsorption mechanism, and was favored at high pH values due to the high negative surface charge density of the adsorbent. The molecular structure of the HANs and hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature affected the adsorption capacities and their selective adsorption from mixed solutes.     

Transport of antibiotic resistance plasmids in porous media and the influence of surfactants

Transport of engineered antibiotic resistance plasmids in porous media has been reported to potentially cause significant spreading of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this work, transport of an indigenous resistance plasmid pK5 in porous media was investigated through packed column experiments. At identical ionic strengths in CaCl₂ solutions, the breakthroughs of pK5 from soil columns were very close to those from quartz sand columns, indicating that transport of pK5 in quartz sand and soil was similar. A similarity in transport behavior was also found between pK5 and an engineered plasmid pBR322 that has approximately the same number of base pairs as pK5. The influence of surfactants, a major group of constituents in soil solutions, was examined using an engineered plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)/myc-His A. The impact of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was negligible at concentrations up to 200 mg·L^–1. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, was found to significantly enhance plasmid adsorption at high concentrations. However, at environmentally relevant concentrations (<1 mg·L^–1), the effect of this surfactant was also minimal. The negligible impact of surfactants and the similarity between the transport of engineered and indigenous plasmids indicate that under environmentally relevant conditions, indigenous plasmids in soil also have the potential to transport over long distances and lead to the spreading of antibiotic resistance.

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农业生物质废弃物转化功能材料的研究进展

农业生物质废弃物的数量正在迅速增加,导致许多环境和治理问题. 因此,将农业生物质废弃物回收利用并增值应用越来越受到关注. 近些年农业生物质废弃物利用和衍生功能材料的研究进展主要包括以下两个方面：①提取天然聚合物并增值应用;②直接制备新型碳基材料,包括吸附、催化、储能电极和复合功能材料等. 农业生物质废弃物转化功能材料已逐步实现且应用范围广泛;未来的研究需要评估农业生物质废弃物衍生产品的质量和安全性,并开发高度可行且具有成本效益的生物质废弃物转化方法,以期实现规模化工业生产.     

磁性壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酰胺去除水体中腐殖酸

针对水源水中天然有机物腐殖酸的高效去除,采用原位共沉淀法研发出一种磁改性壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酰胺(MC-gPAM)的吸附剂,运用傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、比表面积测试仪(BET)等对其进行表征分析,并借助批处理试验,探讨了MC-g-PAM对水样中腐殖酸的去除效能及机制.结果表明,所制备的MC-g-PAM比表面积和比饱和磁化强度值分别为27. 065 m~2·g~(-1)和9. 63 emu·g~(-1). MC-g-PAM对腐殖酸的吸附过程是吸热过程,Langmuir等温线模型和准二级动力学方程对吸附过程的拟合度较高. 25℃时,MC-g-PAM对腐殖酸的理论饱和吸附量达到120. 77 mg·g~(-1).