硅胶负载TiO2光催化降解吡啶

以硅胶为载体，钛酸四丁酯为原料，用溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型TiO2，在UV-TiO2体系中对吡啶(PD)进行光催化降解，并研究了降解体系的紫外吸收光谱和pH值对光催化降解体系的影响。结果表明：负载型TiO2光催化剂加入量为60mg／40ml，吡啶的光催化降解反应符合一级动力学方程；吡啶中氮转化成氨氮。碱性条件下的降解率高于酸性条件下的降解率；TiO2负载后利用率提高了6倍左右。     

三氯乙烯在模型吸附剂上的吸附特性

为了分别揭示矿物质、有机质在疏水性有机物吸附中的作用,文章研究了蒙脱石、高岭土、硅胶以及用腐殖酸修饰后的这3种模型吸附剂对三氯乙烯的吸附行为。采用批量吸附实验方法分别研究了三氯乙烯在不同吸附剂上的吸附。结果表明,硅胶、高岭土、蒙脱石对三氯乙烯均具有一定的吸附能力,吸附系数Kd值分别为10.3、3.13、1.15L·kg-1,硅胶的吸附能力明显高于高岭土和蒙脱石。3种无机模型吸附剂对腐殖酸表现出不同的吸附能力,蒙脱石最强,高岭土次之,硅胶最差,与对三氯乙烯的吸附能力正好相反。被腐殖酸修饰后3种模型吸附剂对三氯乙烯的吸附都明显增强,但增强程度不一样,当用8%腐殖酸(腐殖酸与模型吸附剂的质量比)修饰后,3种吸附剂对三氯乙烯的吸附Kd值均在23L·kg-1左右。虽然Kd随有机质的质量分数增高而上升,但是Kd值与有机质的质量分数不存在线性相关关系,特别是对于具有较高吸附能力的无机吸附剂,说明无机矿物本身结构对于吸附起到同等重要的作用。     

三类氧化硅的形态分布及其转化特性

本文对以硅酸钠与工业水玻璃为原料酸化制备三类氧化硅(Silica A,B,C)作了较为详细的探讨。应用逐时络合比色与光子相关光谱(PCS)等形态表征方法,对制备过程中的诸多影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,在0.02—0.4mol·1~(-1)范围内浓度对形态分布无甚影响,而滴定速率与熟化时间对形态分布有较大影响。所得Silica A,B,C样品中其主要形态所对应的分别是Si_a,Si_b,与小颗粒态Si_c,大颗粒态Si_c。     

月湖近代生物硅沉积测定与营养演化的动态过程

在综合了国内外实验方法基础上,完善了湖泊沉积生物硅实验室测定方法.利用此方法,首次对一富营养化小型浅水湖泊--武汉市汉阳区月湖进行了2个柱状沉积物的生物硅含量测试.结果表明,生物硅可以反映月湖的营养演化的动态过程,130 a前,湖泊受到的环境压力为轻;20世纪初期,月湖生物硅沉积缓慢上升,为水体富营养化开始发生时间;20世纪30年代至50年代,月湖已成为一富营养化湖泊;20世纪60年代至80年代,月湖水质持续恶化;20世纪80年代至月湖清淤前这段时期入湖污水增多,这加速了生物硅的沉积,正是这段时期使月湖最终沦为劣五类水质的湖泊.     

优化多孔蜂窝状硅镁胶的制备及其对弱酸性红的吸附性能

为了研究开发经济、高吸附量、可再生的吸附剂,以Na₂SiO₃、MgCl₂为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出一系列优化蜂窝状硅镁胶,并分析制备硅镁胶的最佳焙烧条件,采用热重分析(TG)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、比表面及孔隙度分析、电镜扫描(SEM)等手段对硅镁胶进行结构表征和性质测定,研究硅镁胶对印染废水中弱酸性红的吸附行为. 结果表明:经500 ℃焙烧4 h后镁硅配比〔n(Mg2+)∶n(SO2-₃)〕为3∶1的硅镁胶对弱酸性红具有最好的吸附效果,硅镁胶对弱酸性红的吸附符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型,在吸附温度为25 ℃、投加量为0.5 g/L、ρ(弱酸性红)初始值为200 mg/L时,硅镁胶对弱酸性红的饱和吸附量可达到199.51 mg/g,脱除率达到99.34%;经过5次再生之后对弱酸性红依然具有较高的吸附量,可达到192.12 mg/g,脱除率为95.60%. 研究显示,以Na₂SiO₃、MgCl₂为原料制备的优化多孔蜂窝状硅镁胶对弱酸性红具备良好的吸附性能,并且具有较好的再生能力,是一种廉价高效的吸附材料.      

The effectiveness of DustBubbles on dust control in the process of concrete drilling

Construction dust is one of the most concerned pollutants presenting risks to human health. Dust generated from concrete drilling, particularly true for silica dust, have an adverse effect on the health of workers. There is a long-term concern about the overexposure of construction workers to respirable crystalline silica. The high exposure to silica, even over a short period, can lead to silicosis. In order to control the dust generated during the process of concrete drilling, a local Hong Kong contractor has implemented DustBubble during the concrete drilling works. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this new dust control measure, an experimental study has been designed and conducted. The respirable dust and silica dust concentrations of the following two situations were compared: workers drilling concrete with and without the use of DustBubble. Personal respirable samples were collected and analysed based on NIOSH 0600 and 7500 methods. The results revealed that DustBubble could significantly reduce the respirable dust exposure by 63%. However, there was no evidence that the use of DustBubble could reduce the respirable quartz exposure.     

微孔模拟物Stöber二氧化硅与有机质相互作用的实验研究

地球环境中普遍存在的纳米孔与有机质的相互作用对资源和环境领域许多重要科学问题(如有机质的吸附与保存、油气的赋存与采收以及二氧化碳的地质封存等)起着关键作用。然而,目前关于纳米孔特别是微孔(<2 nm)与有机质作用的系统研究还比较少。本文选择实验室合成的Stber二氧化硅作为模拟矿物微孔,采用热红联用技术(TG/DSC-FTIR)来研究其与系列有机溶剂(乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、正庚醇)作用后的热化学性质。结果表明,乙醇和正丙醇较易进入Stber二氧化硅微孔(孔径0.8 nm)。在NH_3催化作用下,醇与孔内外硅羟基发生烷氧基化作用,孔外烷氧基的脱除温度随着溶剂碳链增加而降低,放热效应逐渐增强;相反,孔内烷氧基的脱除温度随碳链增加而增加,放热效应逐渐减弱。在无NH_3存在条件下,由于烷氧基化作用减弱,乙醇与正丙醇能在孔内游离存在,孔内烷氧基的脱除温度随溶剂碳链增加呈下降趋势。Stber二氧化硅的微孔结构直接影响了醇类有机质在不同气氛下的热解行为,甲烷、乙烯、丙醛等分子的逸出也为纳米孔隙结构束缚下的有机质的深部热行为提供了参考。     

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic（Ⅴ） adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe_2O_3 and AL_2O_3.The test results indicate that chloride,nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects,and that selenium(Ⅳ)(Se(Ⅳ))and vanadium(Ⅴ)(V(Ⅴ)) showed slight effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3.The results also showed that adsorption of As(Ⅴ)on AL_2O_3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions,but slightly by Se(Ⅳ)and V(Ⅴ)ions.Unlike the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)with Fe_2O_3,that with Fe_2O_3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions.Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.Compared to the other tested anions,phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(Ⅴ)adsorption with Fe_2O_3 and Al_2O_3.In general,Fe_2O_3 has a better performance than Al_2O_3 in removal of As(Ⅴ)within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.     

Bench-scale synthesis of zeolite A from subbituminous coal ashes with high crystalline silica content

In this present work, fly ash and bottom ash with high crystalline silica content were obtained from the coal-fired boilers within the paper industries in Thailand. These coal ashes were used as the basic raw materials for synthetic zeolite production. The crystal type and crystallinity, specific surface area and pore size, and textural properties of zeolite products were characterized by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), N₂ sorption analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. It was found that sodalite octahydrate was selectively formed via the direct conventional (one-step) synthesis, whereas through a two-step, sodium silicate preparation and consecutive zeolite A synthesis process, 94 and 72 wt.% zeolite A products could be produced from the fly ash and bottom ash, respectively. The cation-exchange capacity (CEC) of fly ash and bottom ash-derived zeolite A products were closely similar to that of the commercial grade zeolite A.     

Stabilization of Fe0 nanoparticles with silica fume for enhanced transport and remediation of hexavalent chromium in water and soil

Effective in situ remediation of Cr(VI) in groundwater requires the successful delivery of reactive iron particles to the subsurface. Fe0 nanoparticles (20–110 nm diameter) supported on silica fume were synthesized by borohydride reduction of an aqueous iron salt in the presence of a support material. The experimental result showed that attachment of Fe0 nanoparticles on the commercial available sub-micrometer silica fume prevented them from aggregation while maintaining the particle reactivity. When the Fe0 concentration was 0.4 g/L, 88.00% of 40 mg/L Cr(VI) was removed by silica fume-supported Fe0 nanoparticles (SF-Fe0) in 120 min, 22.55% higher than unsupported Fe0. Furthermore, transport experiments confirmed that almost all unsupported Fe0 was retained, whereas 51.50% and 38.29% of SF-Fe0 were eluted from the vertical and horizontal sand column, respectively. Additionally, the effect of solution ionic strength on the transport ability of SF-Fe0 was evaluated. The result showed that increase in the salt concentration led to a decrease in the mobility and also the divalent ion Ca2+ had a greater effect than that of monovalent ion Na+.