硅改性花生壳生物炭对水中磷的吸附特性

为实现花生壳资源化利用,通过硅酸钠溶液对花生壳进行浸渍改性,再热解制备成硅改性花生壳生物炭(Si-PSBs),探究Si-PSBs对水中磷的吸附特性.结果表明,相比于未改性花生壳生物炭(PSB),Si-PSBs对磷的吸附量明显增大,8%硅酸钠溶液改性的生物炭(8%Si-PSB)对磷的吸附量是改性前的3.9倍.SEM、FTIR和XRD等结果表明8%Si-PSB上有二氧化硅生成,二氧化硅影响吸附过程中源于生物炭的碳酸钙形态,提高了生物炭自身所含金属离子Ca²⁺的反应活性.强酸强碱环境中,8%Si-PSB对磷均具有良好的吸附效果.反应平衡后,8%Si-PSB和PSB对磷的吸附量分别在2.79 mg·g^-1和0.71 mg·g^-1上下浮动,对磷的吸附均更符合准二级动力学模型,说明反应以化学吸附为主.等温吸附实验数据采用Langmuir模型拟合度更高,说明8%Si-PSB和PSB对磷的吸附均以单层吸附为主.溶液中腐殖酸(HA)的存在抑制8%Si-PSB和PSB对磷的吸附.8%SiPSB是一种低成本的新型除磷材料,可提高花生壳自身金属...     

柱色谱法批量分离N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3’,4’:1,2][60]富勒烯研究

经C60、N-甲基甘氨酸和间硝基苯甲醛反应得到N-甲基-2-(3-硝基苯基)吡咯烷[3′,4′∶1,2][60]富勒烯(MNPF)反应液,旋转蒸发干燥得质量分数为23%的MNPF粗品,采用柱色谱法批量分离其中的MNPF。确定了柱色谱法批量分离MNPF的最佳工艺条件:二硫化碳为流动相,柱层析用硅胶(37~48μm)为固定相,色谱柱直径5cm,高径比为6∶1,最大上样量为23 g。此时分离所得MNPF纯度达99%,回收率为92.3%。     

Synthesis of mesoporous silica materials from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash

Incinerator bottom ash contains a large amount of silica and can hence be used as a silica source for the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials. In this study, the conditions for alkaline fusion to extract silica from incinerator bottom ash were investigated, and the resulting supernatant solution was used as the silica source for synthesizing mesoporous silica materials. The physical and chemical characteristics of the mesoporous silica materials were analyzed using BET, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and solid-state NMR. The results indicated that the BET surface area and pore size distribution of the synthesized silica materials were 992 m²/g and 2–3.8 nm, respectively. The XRD patterns showed that the synthesized materials exhibited a hexagonal pore structure with a smaller order. The NMR spectra of the synthesized materials exhibited three peaks, corresponding to Q² [Si(OSi)₂(OH)₂], Q³ [Si(OSi)₃(OH)], and Q⁴ [Si(OSi)₄]. The FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of a surface hydroxyl group and the occurrence of symmetric Si–O stretching. Thus, mesoporous silica was successfully synthesized from incinerator bottom ash. Finally, the effectiveness of the synthesized silica in removing heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Cr²⁺) from aqueous solutions was also determined. The results showed that the silica materials synthesized from incinerator bottom ash have potential for use as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.     

武汉东湖近代沉积物中总氮、总磷与生物硅沉积与营养演化的动态过程

选择富营养化程度较高的武汉东湖作为研究对象,于2011年对其中4个子湖湖心的沉积物进行了采集,并分析了沉积物中总氮、总磷与生物硅含量。结果表明：对照东湖沉积速率（约0.33 cm·a-1）,在底层41～50 cm（1860—1890年）与31～40 cm（1890—1920年）,东湖4处子湖氮、磷、硅基本为湖泊自然沉积;在中层21～30 cm（1920—1950年）,人类活动有所增强,沉积有所变化;表层沉积物0～10 cm（1980—2010年）、11～20 cm（1950—1980年）中氮、磷、硅沉积普遍上升,这一时期对应着东湖人类干扰活动的普遍增加。对东湖4个子湖的沉积物氮、磷与硅的对比研究表明：人类活动增加了对东湖氮、磷的排放,促进了东湖硅藻的生长及硅的消耗,东湖不同子湖之间氮、磷、硅的沉积存在着明显差异,这可能与人类活动的影响差异有关。     

某熔模铸造企业职业病危害因素调查及检测结果分析

通过开展现场卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测和职业健康体检的方法,对熔模铸造企业职业病危害因素分布及其健康影响进行了研究。调查结果表明：该企业作业场所存在粉尘、噪声、高温、石蜡烟等多种职业病危害因素,并已对作业人员健康造成损害。其中矽尘、高温等职业病危害因素超标严重;制壳、熔炼、浇铸等岗位的职业病危害严重,需重点加以治理。     

硅胶负载TiO_2催化剂的制备与光催化效果

以硫酸钛为前驱体,尿素为沉淀剂,粗孔微球硅胶为载体,采用水热法在160℃下制备硅胶负载TiO_2(TiO_2/硅胶)光催化剂。通过调节TiO_2含量(15%、30%、40%、55%、70%、85%)和水热时间(2,3,4,5,6 h)制备TiO_2/硅胶光催化剂,并考察了材料的晶体结构、比表面积、TiO_2负载量以及光催化降解腐殖酸性能。结果表明:TiO_2理论投加量为70%,水热时间为5 h时,制备所得的TiO_2/硅胶光催化剂具有最优的光催化活性,此时制备的催化剂为锐钛矿型,比表面积为434.829 m~2/g,TiO_2负载量为37.50%。当使用该催化剂投加量为4 g/L、腐殖酸初始浓度为20 mg/L时,腐殖酸降解率最高,为76.5%,降解过程符合一级反应动力学。催化剂经重复4次使用后,仍具有较好的光催化稳定性。     

表面包覆TiO_2材料的制备及光催化降解染料废水

以介孔硅基分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在SBA-15分子筛表面包覆TiO_2。制备了不同TiO_2含量的链状二维六方形介孔复合材料。采用电子显微镜扫描仪、X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱、紫外-固体漫反射等技术对复合材料进行表征。SEM结果表明样品具有良好的包覆效果,UV-Vis光谱结果表明样品具有较好的光吸收能力。XRD结果表明复合材料表面包覆的TiO_2为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶型,随载体用量的增加TiO_2的粒径逐渐减小。以光催化降解亚甲基蓝为目标,研究复合材料在煅烧温度、载体用量、底物溶液初始浓度等影响因素下的光催化效果。考察复合材料的再生光催化活性。研究表明:介孔TiO_2复合材料相比于市售P-25有较高的光催化活性。复合材料可进行回收利用,并且其介孔结构牢固不易崩塌。     

Sediment manganese and biogenic silica as geochemical indicators in estuarine salt marshes of coastal Georgia, USA

Salt-marsh estuarine sediments are not homogeneous. It is obvious that a steady state cannot be assumed if the depositional environments under which salt marshes accumulate change from subtidal through non-vegetated intertidal to vegetated intertidal state during their formation. In addition to these, the supply of sedimentary material depends on the tidal prism which changes as salt marshes are formed. Based on the study of cores collected in the estuarine region of Georgia, USA, it was found that the Mn/Al ratios in sediments of marsh cores change from subtidal through non-vegetated intertidal to vegetated intertidal. The relative variation of biogenic silica preserved in sediments of marsh core reflects the relative supply rate of organic carbon (phytoplankton) produced in the water column to the sediment surface at the time of deposition. In this paper it is proposed that sediment manganese and biogenic silica may be applied as geochemical indicators of changing depositional environments and organic carbon originating from phytoplankton in the estuarine salt marsh sediments.     

白炭黑洗涤水用量影响因素研究

论文对表面改性剂(包括硅烷偶联剂如:A-172、KH-570、CG-550、KH-550等和表面活性剂如:壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵等)和操作条件(反应温度、搅拌转速、pH等)对白炭黑白炭黑洗涤水用量的影响进行了研究,并将实验所得的白炭黑的性能(吸油值、比表面积等)与文献值进行了比较,结果表明壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在投加量为1.2 g、改性温度在50℃、改性pH在中性或偏弱碱性时硫酸钠含量最低,此时洗涤水用量最少。硅烷偶联剂对产品的理化性能的改性作用要好于表面改性剂,而表面活性剂对洗涤水用量的影响作用大于硅烷偶联剂。