地方文化在城市雕塑设计中的表达——以山东省威海市海滨雕塑为例

城市雕塑是城市文化的载体,具有重要的文化意义,但目前我国城市雕塑缺乏地方文化特色的现象较突出.在对国内外相关研究文献回顾的基础上借鉴雕塑设计、景观设计、旅游规划和公共艺术设计的研究成果,确定了城市地方文化在城市雕塑设计中表达的理论与方法以及相应的实施程序,并以山东省威海市为例进行了理论验证,提出了新型城市雕塑的概念设计与实施建议.     

太阳能光伏发电成本及展望

针对太阳能电池的昂贵发电成本,分析和预测了国内外的太阳能光伏产业链的现状与发展;指出研制高效率、低成本太阳能光伏发电系统将是今后的任务。     

大连石化污水处理场二期活性污泥培养驯化的实践

A/O生化池首次启动时的生物培养至关重要。大连石化公司污水处理场二期工程采用生物接种、微生物的培养和驯化,得出:开始接种后,A、B两个系列A/O池的污泥浓度呈连续上升的趋势,污泥浓度增加到2000～3000mg/L,可以进入培养驯化阶段;控制好A/O池的pH值、碱度、无机盐、氮源、泥龄、污泥指数等运行参数,可以较好地调整控制微生物的生物氧化方向,尽快达到驯化目的。     

钻井废液毒性检测与评价研究

以几种典型钻井液体系为研究对象,分别选用成熟可靠的检测方法对其生物毒性、化学毒性和重金属含量进行分析,结果表明:部分钻井废液具有一定生物和化学毒性,其中,磺化体系钻井液在生物毒性和化学毒性方面均超标,应重点加强管理;低密度无固相体系和磺化体系钻井液中Hg和Cr元素存在不同程度的超标。     

Optimization of gas detector placement considering scenario probability and detector reliability in oil refinery installation

Gas detection system is a critical layer of protection in process safety. Leak scenario probability and detector reliability are two key factors in the optimization of gas detector placement. However, they are easily neglected in previous studies, which may lead to an inaccurate evaluation of the optimization solutions. In this study, a stochastic programming (SP) optimization method is proposed considering these two factors. In order to quantitatively represent the probability of leak scenarios, a complete accident scenario set (CASS) is built combining leak sources and wind fields. Then, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is adopted for consequence modeling of gas dispersion. The Markov model is developed to predict the detector reliability. With the objective of minimal cumulative detection time (MCDT), the SP formulation considering scenario probability and detector reliability (MCDT-SPR) is proposed. By introducing the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the optimization formulations can be solved. A case study is investigated on a diesel hydrogenation refining unit. Results validate this approach is promising to improve the detection efficiency. This method is more practical and matching with the actual industrial environment, where the leak scenarios and the detector reliability can change dynamically in real process setting.     

Consequence prediction for dust explosions involving interconnected vessels using computational fluid dynamics modeling

Combustible dust explosions continue to present a significant threat toward operating personnel and pneumatic conveyance equipment in a wide variety of processing industries. Following ignition of suspended fuel within a primary enclosure volume, propagation of flame and pressure fronts toward upstream or downstream interconnected enclosures can result in devastating secondary explosions if not impeded through an appropriate isolation mechanism. In such occurrences, an accelerated flame front may result in flame jet ignition within the secondary vessel, greatly increasing the overall explosion severity. Unlike an isolated deflagration event with quantifiable reduced pressures (vent sizing according to NFPA 68 guidance), oscillation of pressure between primary and secondary process vessels leads to uncertain overpressure effects. Dependent on details of the application such as relative enclosure volumes, relief area, fuel type, suspended concentration, duct size, and duct length, the maximum system pressure in both interconnected vessels can be unpredictable. This study proposes the use of FLame ACceleration Simulator (FLACS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to provide reliable consequence predictions for specific case scenarios of dust deflagrations involving interconnected equipment. Required minimum supplement to the originally calculated relief area (A_v) was determined through iterative simulation, allowing for reduced explosion pressures (P_red) to be maintained below theoretical enclosure design strengths (P_es).     

关于提升基层环境监察执法能力的思考

在坚持尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的新形势下,加强基层环境监察工作尤为重要。本文简要分析了当前基层环境监察执法中存在的问题,并结合实际对基层环境监察执法能力的有效提升策略进行了探讨,以期提供参考与借鉴。     

Hazard analysis on LPG fireball of road tanker BLEVE based on CFD simulation

In order to research the hydrocarbon fireball characteristic of LPG tanker Boiled Liquid Evaporate Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) under different conditions, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the hydrocarbon fireballs from the LPG tanker BLEVE accidents were carried out. Several new different factors, such as the mass of fuel, inlet velocity and airflow velocity, were considered to analyze the influence on the evolution of the characteristics of the fireball and the development of the LPG tanker BLEVE accidents. Results indicate that the fireball with a greater mass of fuel radiates more heat but slower. The large longitudinal diameter of the fireball and high radiation heat flux are observed in case of a faster inlet velocity used for the same mass. The airflow was found to shorten the initial phase of the fireball effectively. Some suggestions were proposed to prevent the LPG BLEVE accidents. Analysis performed show that various parameters like fireball diameter, radiative heat flux and lifting speed of fireball can be predicted well using FDS code.     

基于熵权-TOPSIS模型的企业安全文化评估系统设计

为能够评估出企业安全文化建设水平,以系统论、安全管理、现代信息技术等多学科理论为基础,深入挖掘安全文化体系要素,分析各要素理解要点及实施要点,探讨企业安全文化体系评估程序和内容,提出基于熵权-TOPSIS 深度分析模型的定性和定量相结合方法对安全文化结果进行深度分析;在“互联网+”背景下充分利用现代信息技术发展的最新成果,针对企业安全文化评估要点,设计企业安全文化评估系统。结果表明:该评估体系可为实现企业安全文化评估的信息化、数据化和可视化提供解决方案。     

封存过程中CO2流体与煤中矿物作用关系研究进展

利用深部煤层封存二氧化碳(CO2),既能减排主要人为温室气体CO2,又能同步开采煤层气(主要成分为甲烷,即CH4)。在适宜CO2封存的含煤储层条件下,CO2属于超临界流体,其易与煤中部分无机矿物发生作用,进而改变煤的理化性质,最终影响煤层的CO2封存效果。为此,归纳了煤中易与CO2发生作用的矿物分布特征,分析了CO2与矿物间的作用规律及其对煤理化性质的影响,并指出了后续研究方向。结果表明,煤中易与CO2流体发生作用的无机矿物主要包括碳酸盐矿物和黏土矿物。上述矿物的分布与煤变质程度和沉积环境有关。在封存过程中,超临界CO2流体与煤中矿物间的作用会改变煤体孔隙结构、煤的CO2吸附能力和含煤储层渗透率。针对CO2与煤中矿物的作用关系,后续需开展以下研究:CO2流体与煤中矿物之间的微观作用机理;CO2流体与煤层顶底板中主要无机矿物的作用规律;实际储层条件(温度、压力和地应力等)对CO2与矿物之间作用关系的影响;CO2与矿物之间的相互作用对同步采收CH4的影响。