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991.
温州临江垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰的性质研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了温州临江垃圾焚烧发电厂生活垃圾焚烧产生飞灰的物理和化学性质。飞灰为含水率低、颗粒尺寸集中在43~175μm之间的灰色粉末,主要由Si、Al、Ca、Mg、Fe、Na、K、C和S元素组成。飞灰中Pb、Cd的浸出浓度在酸性条件下都不同程度地高于我国危险废物鉴别标准的允许浓度,其中Pb的浸出浓度在pH值1.06~13.69条件下远远超标,碱性条件下浸出毒性比酸性条件下小。矿物组成主要为石英(SiO2)、赤铁矿αFe2O3、钙长石CaO.Al2O3.2SiO2、钙铝黄长石2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2、KCl、NaCl、CaCO、PbO、TiO2、ZnCO3等,溶解盐含量高达19.5%,化学反应活性较强,热稳定性较差。 相似文献
992.
An air quality sampling program was designed and implemented to collect the baseline concentrations of respirable suspended
particulates (RSP = PM10), non-respirable suspended particulates (NRSP) and fine suspended particulates (FSP = PM2.5). Over a three-week period, a 24-h average concentrations were calculated from the samples collected at an industrial site
in Southern Delhi and compared to datasets collected in Satna by Envirotech Limited, Okhla, Delhi in order to establish the
characteristic difference in emission patterns. PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulates (TSP) concentrations at Satna were 20.5 ± 6.0, 102.1 ± 41.1, and 387.6 ± 222.4 μg m−3 and at Delhi were 126.7 ± 28.6, 268.6 ± 39.1, and 687.7 ± 117.4 μg m−3. Values at Delhi were well above the standard limit for 24-h PM2.5 United States National Ambient Air Quality Standards (USNAAQS; 65 μg m−3), while values at Satna were under the standard limit. Results were compared with various worldwide studies. These comparisons
suggest an immediate need for the promulgation of new PM2.5 standards. The position of PM10 in Delhi is drastic and needs an immediate attention. PM10 levels at Delhi were also well above the standard limit for 24-h PM10 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS; 150 μg m−3), while levels at Satna remained under the standard limit. PM2.5/PM10 values were also calculated to determine PM2.5 contribution. At Satna, PM2.5 contribution to PM10 was only 20% compared to 47% in Delhi. TSP values at Delhi were well above, while TSP values at Satna were under, the standard
limit for 24-h TSP NAAQS (500 μg m−3). At Satna, the PM10 contribution to TSP was only 26% compared to 39% in Delhi. The correlation between PM10, PM2.5, and TSP were also calculated in order to gain an insight to their sources. Both in Satna and in Delhi, none of the sources
was dominant a varied pattern of emissions was obtained, showing the presence of heterogeneous emission density and that nonrespirable
suspended particulate (NRSP) formed the greatest part of the particulate load. 相似文献
993.
Pipeline crossing construction alters river and stream channels, hence may have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems.
This review examines the effects of crossing construction on fish and fish habitat in rivers and streams, and recommends an
approach to monitoring and assessment of impacts associated with these activities. Pipeline crossing construction is shown
to not only compromise the integrity of the physical and chemical nature of fish habitat, but also to affect biological habitat
(e.g., benthic invertebrates and invertebrate drift), and fish behavior and physiology. Indicators of effect include: water
quality (total suspended solids TSS), physical habitat (substrate particle size, channel morphology), benthic invertebrate
community structure and drift (abundance, species composition, diversity, standing crop), and fish behavior and physiology
(hierarchy, feeding, respiration rate, loss of equilibrium, blood hematocrit and leukocrit levels, heart rate and stroke volume).
The Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) approach, which is often applied in Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM), is recommended
as a basis for impact assessment, as is consideration of site-specific sensitivities, assessment of significance, and cumulative
effects. 相似文献
994.
Pedrosa P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):137-150
This study investigates the inherent optical properties (IOP) of a Brazilian river during a non-natural, anthropogenically
mediated, toxic spill of a wood-pulping factory (the ‘Cataguazes accident’). The results indicated an outstanding transformation
in the river water chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) pools. For instance, increases in CDOM absorption coefficients,
a
CDOM
(λ), which were averaged at specific spectral intervals, , ranged from 58-fold at the UV-B and UV-A ranges to 95-fold at the PAR range. As a result, the water color expressed as CDOM
absorption at 440 nm, a
CDOM
(440), varied from 4.16 to 365.03 m-1. For S-coefficient, the variations ranged from ∼1.1 to 5.6-fold, respectively, at the 300–650 nm and UV-B range. The variability
of S as a proxy of dissolved chromophores was thus clearly influenced by the spectral range used. Optical proportions were also
investigated through the use of and S ratios at the UV-B, UV-A, and PAR ranges and, in the case of , also at the NIR range. This approach also showed clear variations between the water samples, likely reflecting changes in
the composition of optically active substances in the river system. As a whole, the findings obtained here indicated that
both the quantity and quality of the chromophoric material dissolved in the river water were greatly altered by the toxic
spill. The changes in the optical properties of the river water, although extreme and likely with no parallel in the literature,
were quite rapid as indicated by the optical resilience of the system. Overall, this study indicates that IOP might be thought,
and possibly used, as a metric tool for monitoring the state of waters and aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
995.
Wen-Cheng Liu Jan-Tai Kuo Chih-Chieh Young Ming-Ching Wu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(3):201-211
Numerical models are often used to evaluate the potential impact of human alternation of natural water bodies and to help
the design of the alternation to mitigate its impacts. In the past decade, three-dimensional hydrodynamic and reactive transport
modeling has matured from a research subject to a practical analysis technology. This paper presents a practical study in
which a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model [hydrodynamic eutrophication model (HEM-3D)] was applied to
determine the optimal location for treated wastewater discharged from marine outfall system in the Keelung harbor and the
adjacent coastal sea. First, model validation was conducted with respect to surface elevation, current, and water quality
variables measured in the Keelung harbor station and its coastal sea. The overall performance of the model was in qualitative
agreement with the available field data. The model was then used to evaluate several scenarios of the locations from marine
outfall system. Based on model simulation results, a location at the northeast of Ho-Ping Island was recommended for adoption
because the environmental impact is smaller than any other alternative.
相似文献
Wen-Cheng LiuEmail: |
996.
997.
气相和颗粒物中邻苯二甲酸酯的采样与检测技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对邻苯二甲酸酯的性质及其在环境空气中的存在状态、样品采集技术与分析方法进行了综述,侧重介绍了样品的采集、净化、采样效率和采样与分析全过程的质量控制。 相似文献
998.
微波萃取技术在分析土壤中有机污染物的应用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
介绍了微波萃取技术及其使用的试剂、设备和条件,对微波萃取在分析土壤中有机污染物的应用予以综述,阐述了微波萃取技术是分析土壤中有机污染物的好方法。 相似文献
999.
主动为环境监督管理服务 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了一些县级监测站存在的只注重监测数据,缺乏主动为环境管理服务的思想,介绍了海门市则站主动为环境管理及时提供的监测数据,促进了环境监督管理。 相似文献
1000.
Steven C. Schimmel Sandra J. Benyi Charles J. Strobel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1999,56(1):27-49
Data from the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) from 1990 to 1993 were used to assess the condition of the Long Island Sound (LIS) estuary. Ambient water, sediment and biota were collected during the summer months from 53 LIS stations using an unbiased sampling design. The design consists of two LIS subunits, LIS proper, and small estuaries (<2.6 km2) at the margins of the Sound. Selected indicators of condition included: benthic species composition, abundance and biomass; fish species composition and gross external pathology; sediment physical and chemical characterization and sediment toxicity; and water clarity and quality. Results of the four-year sampling indicated that 28(±11)% of the areal extent of LIS proper had a benthic index < zero (impacted) and 51(±12)% of the area of small estuaries was impacted. Analysis of the results of other indicators also shows that small estuaries were particularly affected. For example, 42(±10)% of the areal extent of small estuaries exhibited sediment toxicity, and significant chemical contamination was evident in 22% of the area of small estuaries. Low dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentrations (<5 ppm), however, appeared to affect only the deeper open waters of western LIS. Approximately 48(±12)% of the areal extent of LIS proper documented exposure to at least moderate D.O. stress (<5 ppm). The overall results of this monitoring study indicate that significant anthropogenic impacts have occurred in LIS and that if remediation was to take place, specific localized sediment problems would need attention. Point source and non-point source nutrient inputs to the Sound, which are believed to be the primary causative factor for the observed hypoxic conditions, would also need attention. 相似文献