区域清洁生产政策法规体系框架的构筑

区域清洁生产政策法规体系的构筑是区域实施清洁生产工作的前提和依据。本文通过对区域清洁生产法规体系的内容及其构筑过程中应把握的原则论述和分析,为相关法规体系的制定提供借鉴和参考。     

钢结构暨空间结构的抗火设计综述

钢结构暨空间结构是目前建筑结构的重要发展方向之一。因钢材对高温的敏感性 ,其防火、抗火性能的研究应是设计时考虑的重要因素。笔者简述了抗火与防火的概念及其区别 ;评估了国内外关于抗火设计的基本方法及优缺点 ;重点对整体结构有限元非线性抗火反应全过程分析方法进行了讨论。通过选择科学的抗火设计方法 ,将为经济、适用的防火设计提供重要的依据     

载人航天空间环境模拟试验安全与措施

载人航天空间环境模拟试验极其危险 ,为了确保参试航天员的生命安全 ,必须对模拟试验设备进行系统配套与完善 ,同时必须事先进行人员培训、制定详细的试验流程 ,进行严密的组织管理。为此 ,重点介绍了为确保参试航天员的安全 ,对试验设备所提出的技术要求 ,以及试验所涉及的训练、演习、试验组织管理等方面的安全措施。     

论清洁生产与环境标志认证的关系

对清洁生产和环境标志认证的关系进行了分析 ,指出了两者之间存在的不同点和内在的相互关系 ,说明了进行环境标志认证应依托于清洁生产审核 ,反之 ,环境认证又是推动企业自觉进行清洁生产的原动力之一 ,二者共同体现了清洁生产理念的精髓内涵。     

造纸行业实施清洁生产是企业持续发展的有效途径

通过对以废纸壳、废纸为再生资源的某造纸企业进行清洁生产的过程中 ,无 /低费方案实施 ,中 /高费方案的可行性分析 ,实现节能、降耗、减污、增效的实例 ,证明此类企业实施清洁生产可以降低污染物的排放量 ,并达到废水的零排放。     

从可持续发展战略角度认识清洁生产技术

通过给出清洁生产的定义、作用 ,并与末端处理技术进行对比 ,得出积极推广清洁生产技术是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径的结论。     

基于RS的荒漠景观空间格局的研究

利用ＮＯＡＡ气象卫星五波段遥感数据作主要信息源,经图像增强处理和解译,获得区域景观类型图。在完成景观类型图的数字化输入手,采用景观生态学的方法,对研究区域进行景观空间格局指标的计算机测定,筛选、建立了一套度量景观生态空间格局变化的评价指标体系。     

基于循环经济理念构建我国未来的造纸业

造纸工业是我国制造业中为数不多的朝阳产业,也是污染较为严重的行业。在结合目前国内外造纸业发展现状的基础上,基于循环经济理念,从三个层面上探讨了如何构建我国未来的造纸业,提出了我国未来造纸业可持续发展模式:先组织企业内部的物质循环和能量梯级利用,其次结合自身和周边环境的特点构建有效产业链,同时积极开展废纸资源的回收利用以形成社会层面上的大循环,最终实现造纸业的可持续发展。     

水泥生产中CO2产生量计算及利用途径分析

CO2具有“温室效应”,可以加热地球,使冰川熔化、海平面升高、气候变暖。CO2是宝贵资源,可以回收利用,变废为宝。本文计算了水泥生产中CO2产生量,得出了每生产1t水泥将产生0.41tCO2气体。水泥生产中产生的CO2可以回收利用,并分析了其可利用途径。     

The role of production and teamwork practices in construction safety: A cognitive model and an empirical case study

Problem

In construction, the challenge for researchers and practitioners is to develop work systems (production processes and teams) that can achieve high productivity and high safety at the same time. However, construction accident causation models ignore the role of work practices and teamwork. This study investigates the mechanisms by which production and teamwork practices affect the likelihood of accidents.

Method

The paper synthesizes a new model for construction safety based on the cognitive perspective (Fuller's Task-Demand-Capability Interface model, 2005) and then presents an exploratory case study. The case study investigates and compares the work practices of two residential framing crews: a 'High Reliability Crew' (HRC)—that is, a crew with exceptional productivity and safety over several years, and an average performing crew from the same company.

Results

The model explains how the production and teamwork practices generate the work situations that workers face (the task demands) and affect the workers ability to cope (capabilities). The case study indicates that the work practices of the HRC directly influence the task demands and match them with the applied capabilities. These practices were guided by the 'principle' of avoiding errors and rework and included work planning and preparation, work distribution, managing the production pressures, and quality and behavior monitoring.

Summary

The Task Demand-Capability model links construction research to a cognitive model of accident causation and provides a new way to conceptualize safety as an emergent property of the production practices and teamwork processes. The empirical evidence indicates that the crews' work practices and team processes strongly affect the task demands, the applied capabilities, and the match between demands and capabilities.

Impact on Industry

The proposed model and the exploratory case study will guide further discovery of work practices and teamwork processes that can increase both productivity and safety in construction operations. Such understanding will enable training of construction foremen and crews in these practices to systematically develop high reliability crews.