空间碎片防护结构优化设计理论模型

分析了空间碎片环境，提出了航天器对空间碎片的防护方案。对这种防护结构提出了优化设计模型     

Complexity change and space symmetry rupture

Is complexity growth the result of a continuous process or a sudden breakthrough? An increased energy density rate is the effect or the cause of a complexity leap? Should we approach complexity change by the perspective of components behaviour or system's space geometry? In this work we address some of the questions regarding the theoretical approach to complexity change. For this purpose a case study drawn by the productive structure and the transport system is considered. We would like here to propose an example in which the system structure is reshaped in a more energy intensive fashion as to increase the components’ interactions due to a symmetry rupture in the space. Flows throughout the system are thereby incremented in a discontinuous way by a complexity leap. In the case study, we analyze how the productive system evolved its structure, between 1970s and 1990s, to increase interactions among its parts and thus further develop the transport sub-system. A two-stage shift has been considered: the fordian and the post-fordian productive structure. The second structure, given the same amount of parts, has been shown to increase the degree of freedom (path length and path diversity) of the system. The underlying evolutionary pattern is then analyzed. This evolutionary pattern relies on the hypothesis that thermodynamic evolutionary systems are characterized by an ever growing influx of energy driven into the system by self-catalytic processes that must find their way through the constraints of the system. The system initially disposes of the energy by expanding, in extent and in the number of components, up to saturation due to inner or outer constraints. The two counteractive forces, constraints and growing energy flux, expose the system to new gradients. Every new (spatial) gradient upon the system represents a symmetry rupture in the components’ space. By exploring a new gradient, the system imposes further restrictions on its components and increases its overall degree of freedom. The counteractive effects of reduction/increase of degree of freedom concern two different hierarchical levels and occur at two different space and time scales.     

An empirical investigation of returns to scale: The Welsh coal industry

This article attempts to study both returns to scale and optimal size of production. Specifically, the authors estimate a ray-homothetic production function which allows the returns to scale to vary with ouput size and input mix. The production model is estimated using data from the Welsh coal industry for the period 1961–1976. Findings showed that, first, the Welsh coal industry suffers from a level of production which is either too small or below its optimal level and, second, this discrepancy between actual and optimal production worsened over the period considered.     

关于实行企业安全生产年审制的思考

在经济体制改革后 ,政府转变职能 ,企业转换经营机制 ,企业与政府脱钩 ,政府放权予企业 ,由企业自主经营、自负盈亏 ,企业成为独立核算的法人。按照权、责统一和管生产必须管安全、谁主管谁负责的原则 ,企业的安全生产从企业与政府共同管理转移到自主管理 ,政府及其有关主管部门从管理向监督转变 ,政府与企业的关系由隶属关系变成监督与被监督的关系。随着社会主义市场经济的进一步发展和日益完善 ,安全生产面临前所未有的新情况。在新的形势下 ,如何建立安全生产的长效机制 ,是当前安全生产亟待解决的重要课题。笔者针对安全生产监督与管理上存在的问题 ,有针对性地提出了实行企业安全生产年审制的建议 ,认为建立企业安全生产年审制是切合当前实际的安全对策 ,并对如何实施这一对策进行了初步的探讨。     

灰色关联分析在工业区清洁生产企业筛选中的应用

在工业园区选择循环经济模式目的是使规划区域成为一个生态工业园,推进企业层次的清洁生产,需要筛选评价企业生态化建设的优先顺序。通过选取参考序列样本,对南通经济开发区企业清洁生产的物质减量和污染排放效率指标进行灰色关联度分析,关联度越高,企业生态化水平越高,可筛选为清洁生产企业。结果表明,清洁生产企业的审计可按照相关指标关联程度判断园区范围内重点规模企业生态化水平及其生态化潜力,并可在同行业内筛选出优先进行清洁生产审计的对象,对园区企业实施生态化有明确指导作用。     

企业清洁生产员工持续参与机制研究

清洁生产通过生产全过程控制提高了原料利用率、减少污染物产生及治污成本,是企业降低环保压力和提高竞争力的重要方式。员工持续参与是企业清洁生产不断推进的重要保障,本文从员工技能水平、企业鼓励等方面对其参与的影响因素进行了简要分析,并在此基础上提出了建议。     

清洁生产审核中咨询机构的作用及能力建设

阐述了清洁生产审核的有效性、创新性和规范性,分析了清洁生产咨询机构在清洁生产审核中应发挥的作用,并结合我国实际情况提出了咨询机构急需在人才配置等方面加强能力建设。     

清洁生产审核目标设置与Eviews模型

清洁生产审核中目标的设置是完成审核的重要环节之一,但是由于没有定量的手段往往会出现高低偏差,以至影响审核的效果。围绕此问题,本文探讨了借助计量经济软件Eviews对相关数据建立模型,以贵阳特殊钢有限责任公司一炼钢厂钢产量和电耗为例,预测未来电耗情况,结合相应清洁生产方案设置审核的目标。     

坡度和雨强对喀斯特地区坡面产流产沙的影响

利用径流小区观测法,分析了坡度和雨强对贵州喀斯特地区4种地类坡面产流产沙的影响。结果表明,随坡度的增大,各地类坡面产流产沙量并没有表现出一致增大或减小的趋势,它们在很大程度上受土地利用方式和土壤类型的制约;随最大30 min雨强(I)的增大,坡面的产流产沙量增大。坡度为13°时,坡耕地在各地类中的产流产沙量最小,随坡度增大逐渐超过其他地类;除13°径流小区外,经济林地(梨树)在各种坡度、雨强范围内的产流产沙量均为各地类中最少;水保林地(香樟)在各种情况下的产流量虽较大,但产沙量相对较小;裸地在观测条件下的产流产沙量均较大。     

Sustainability as an educational agenda

The mounting evidence about human-induced environmental change, and about its expected detrimental effects on humans and their societies ( [IPCC, 2007], [Reid et?al., 2010] and [Rockstr?m et?al., 2009]), has turned out to be exceedingly difficult to turn into political action to mitigate the change and adapt to its consequences. Economic self-interest creates friction between nation-states, within regional alliances like the EU, and across the divide between the developing and developed world. A significant factor is a vocal and well-funded group of climate skeptics, who question the credibility of mainstream earth system science, overemphasize the disagreements within the scientific community, argue for more research before any action is warranted, and in general create doubt to justify inaction or delay (Oreskes and Conway, 2010). A further problem is that both the decision-makers and the public have a very superficial understanding of the issues, cannot intellectually handle complex problems and uncertainty, and do not always know what and whom to believe. This constitutes a challenge to the education establishment.