杞麓湖水污染成因及控制途径的定量研究

利用１９８８－１９９７年的统计资料，建立了关于杞麓湖水污染的多投入要素的Ｃｏｂｂ－Ｄａｕｇｌａｓ生产函数模型，研究了主要影响因子对杞麓湖污染发展的贡献率及杞麓湖污染治理的途径。     

中国有色金属行业绿色发展和技术转型

我国有色金属行业发展迅速,铜、铝、铅、锌等10种有色金属产量占世界的40%以上。我国有色金属行业在资源节约、环境友好型产业的方针指导下,不断推动主体工艺技术进步,技术装备水平进入世界先进行列,重金属污染物防治、废物综合利用取得新进展,清洁生产取得显著成果,末端技术取得新突破。目前有色金属行业环境污染压力依然很大,需切实转变发展方式,继续走绿色发展之路。     

Ghana's salt industry: A neglected sector for economic development?

The case of poverty in the abundance of plenty mostly extant in resource rich countries is also evident along the coast of Ghana. Despite the huge salt production potential of the country’s coast, the renewable resource remains highly untapped as output levels are less than 10% of potential output. Meanwhile many of the indigenes of coastal communities wallow in poverty amidst high levels of unemployment. Findings of this study reveal that key obstacles inhibiting the growth of the sector relates to land acquisition, lack of investment, and low level of technology adoption. The study therefore recommends a mix of strategies aimed at rejuvenating the sector to achieve optimum harnessing of salt deposits. This would help diversify the export markets of Ghana and help her industrialization drive towards achieving an upper-middle income country status in the short-to-medium-term.     

工业企业清洁生产审核实践——以中航沈飞民用飞机有限责任公司为例

文章总结了中航工业沈飞民机公司实施清洁生产审核的实践过程,在对全公司的生产现状、原辅材料消耗、废物产生情况、能源消耗情况进行分析后,针对管理和生产中存在的问题,提出具体的清洁生产方案,论证具体方案的环境经济效益后,投入公司正常生产运行环节,有效削减能源和原料消耗,减少污染物排放水平,提升公司的国际市场竞争力,实现经济和环境的和谐发展。     

The Application of Chemical Leasing Business Models in Mexico

- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.02.294 Background, Aim and Scope. To better address the requirements of the changing multilateral order, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Cleaner Production Programme, in 2004, developed the new Sustainable Industrial Resource Management (SIRM) approach. This approach is in accordance with the principles decided at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. Unlike the traditional approaches to environmental management, the SIRM concept captures the idea of achieving sustainable industrial development through the implementation of circular material and energy flows in the entire production chain and reduction of the amount of material and energy used with greater efficiency solutions. The SIRM approach seeks to develop new models to encourage a shift from selling products to supplying services, modifying, in this manner, the supplier/user relationship and resulting in a win-win situation for the economy and the environment. Chemical Leasing represents such a new service-oriented business model and is currently being promoted by UNIDO′s Cleaner Production Programme. Main Features. One of the potential approaches to address the problems related to ineffective use and over-consumption of chemicals is the development and implementation of Chemical Leasing business models. These provide concrete solutions to the effective management of chemicals and on the ways negative releases to the environment can be reduced. The Chemical Leasing approach is a strategy that addresses the obligations of the changing international chemicals policy by focusing on a more service-oriented strategy. Mexico is one of the countries that were selected for the implementation of UNIDO's demonstration project to promote Chemical Leasing models in the country. The target sector of this project is the chemical industry, which is expected to shift their traditional business concept towards a more service and value-added approach. This is being achieved through the development of company specific business models that implement the above-indicated Chemical Leasing concept with the support from the Mexican National Cleaner Production Centre (NCPC). Results and Conclusions. The implementation of Chemical Leasing in Mexico has proven to be an efficient instrument in enhancing sustainable chemical management and significantly reducing emissions in Mexico. Several companies from the chemical industrial sector implement or agreed to implement chemical leasing business models. Based on the positive findings of the project, several Mexican companies started to negotiate contents of possible Chemical Leasing contracts with suitable business partners. The project further aimed at disseminating information on Chemical Leasing. It successfully attracted globally operating companies in the chemicals sector to explore possibilities to implement Chemical Leasing business models in Mexico. At the international level, the results of the UNIDO project were presented on 20TH September 2005 during a side event of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) Preparation Conference in Vienna. Recommendations and Outlook. To facilitate the promotion and application of Chemical Leasing project at international level, UNIDO is currently developing a number of tools to standardize Chemical Leasing projects. These include, among others, Chemical leasing contract models; Chemical Leasing data base to find partners for chemical leasing; and guidelines to implement Chemical Leasing projects and work programmes.     

空间碎片环境及其危害

论述了空间碎片的现状、来源及分布模型。分析了空间碎片与航天器碰撞的概率及其危害，提出了减少空间碎片生成和净化空间环境的措施。对航天安全极为有用     

A STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR THE OPTIMUM OPERATION OF A MULTI-PURPOSE RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: The main objective of this paper is to present a stockastic dynamic programming model useful in determining the optimal operating policy of a single multipurpose surface reservoir. It is the unreliability of forecasting the amount of future streamflow which makes the problem of a reservoir operation a stochastic process. In this paper the stochastic nature of the streamflow is taken into account by considering the correlation between the streamflows of each pair of consecutive time intervals. This interdependence is used to calculate the probability of transition from a given state and stage to its succeeding ones. A dynamic programming model with a physical equation and a stochastic recursive equation is developed to find the optimum operational policy. For illustrative purposes, the model is applied to a real surface water reservoir system.     

简论安全生产社会中介服务机构的形成与管理

随着市场经济的发展、社会事务的日益复杂化 ,政府职能向小政府大社会转变 ,机构调整和精减 ,需要动员社会力量广泛参与社会事务的管理。作为与国计民生关系密切的安全生产领域 ,同样面临着这一问题。在社会转型及政府机构改革的过程中 ,鼓励安全生产社会中介服务机构参与安全生产工作中来显得尤为必要和紧迫。近两年来 ,随着《安全生产法》的颁布和实施 ,我国安全生产中介市场发展迅速 ,作为第三方力量参与安全生产技术服务性工作中 ,越来越显示其重要作用和广阔的前景。该类机构在从事安全咨询、评价、评审、培训、考核、认证、检验、检测及注册等技术性服务活动 ,为我国安全生产作出了重要贡献。当然 ,在安全中介服务机构快速发展的同时 ,也出现了许多不容忽视的问题 ,需要政府在市场准入 ;行业监督 ;创造公平竞争环境 ,审查及考核中介机构认证、咨询资质 ;坚持科学、公正、公开依法办事等方面加强监督、管理。加强立法 ,严格监管 ,使安全生产社会中介服务机构在市场经济的建设中不断发展壮大     

空间结构施工中人为错误与对策

空间结构展示了一个国家建筑科技新成果和实力 ,由于建筑业的特殊性 ,其安全性备受关注。笔者阐述了空间结构的施工特点以及施工中人为错误的成因和对工程的影响 ,通过对人为错误与建筑风险造价关系的分析 ,提出了控制人为错误的对策为 :适当提高结构设计可靠度水平和加强施工过程的管理 ,减少人为错误的发生 ,对遏制工程质量事故具有指导意义。     

煤磨收粉系统的改造

武钢炼铁厂10t/h煤磨系统四套,采用三级除尘(旋风、多管与袋式除尘)和两级风机(排粉机与抽风机)的收尘系统。能耗高、尾气排放超标、故障率高、安全性能差。于1993～1996年相继对四套系统进行改造,获得令人满意的效果,实现节能、降耗、增产、安全生产,达到环保标准。