基于因子分析的嫩江重要省界缓冲区水质评价研究

嫩江流域省界缓冲区水质监测与评价,是针对2010年和2015年引起嫩江省界缓冲区水环境质量主要污染物的变化分析,判断主要超标指标为有机生化指标。为进一步明确嫩江缓冲区水质影响关键因子,采用因子分析评价嫩江重要省界缓冲区水质状况。依据因子的荷载矩阵,2010年和2015年的主导因子均累计解释了原始向量80%以上的信息,反映了这两年水环境和污染因子之间的关系。嫩江流域省界缓冲区流域水质状况分析,为今后对嫩江流域水功能区目标管理提供理论支持。     

Organic aerosol molecular composition and gas–particle partitioning coefficients at a Mediterranean site (Corsica)

Molecular speciation of atmospheric organic matter was investigated during a short summer field campaign performed in a citrus fruit field in northern Corsica(June 2011). Aimedat assessing the performance on the field of newly developed analytical protocols, this work focuses on the molecular composition of both gas and particulate phases and provides an insight into partitioning behavior of the semi-volatile oxygenated fraction. Limonene ozonolysis tracers were specifically searched for, according to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) data previously recorded for smog chamber experiments. A screening of other oxygenated species present in the field atmosphere was also performed. About sixty polar molecules were positively or tentatively identified in gas and/or particle phases. These molecules comprise a wide range of branched and linear, mono and di-carbonyls(C_3–C7),mono and di-carboxylic acids(C_3–C_18), and compounds bearing up to three functionalities.Among these compounds, some can be specifically attributed to limonene oxidation and others can be related to α- or β-pinene oxidation. This provides an original snapshot of the organic matter composition at a Mediterranean site in summer. Furthermore, for compounds identified and quantified in both gaseous and particulate phases, an experimental gas/particle partitioning coefficient was determined. Several volatile products, which are not expected in the particulate phase assuming thermodynamic equilibrium, were nonetheless present in significant concentrations. Hypotheses are proposed to explain these observations, such as the possible aerosol viscosity that could hinder the theoretical equilibrium to be rapidly reached.     

Temporal and spatial changes of microbial community in an industrial effluent receiving area in Hangzhou Bay

Anthropogenic activities usually contaminate water environments, and have led to the eutrophication of many estuaries and shifts in microbial communities. In this study, the temporal and spatial changes of the microbial community in an industrial effluent receiving area in Hangzhou Bay were investigated by 454 pyrosequencing. The bacterial community showed higher richness and biodiversity than the archaeal community in all sediments. Proteobacteria dominated in the bacterial communities of all the samples; Marine_Group_Ⅰ and Methanomicrobia were the two dominant archaeal classes in the effluent receiving area. PCoA and AMOVA revealed strong seasonal but minor spatial changes in both bacterial and archaeal communities in the sediments. The seasonal changes of the bacterial community were less significant than those of the archaeal community, which mainly consisted of fluctuations in abundance of a large proportion of longstanding species rather than the appearance and disappearance of major archaeal species. Temperature was found to positively correlate with the dominant bacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and negatively correlate with the dominant archaea,Marine_Group_Ⅰ; and might be the primary driving force for the seasonal variation of the microbial community.     

我国典型陆地生态系统固碳重要区范围界定

全球变暖已成为当今最主要的全球性环境问题之一,建立固碳重要区也是应对全球气候变化的重要途径之一.根据我国陆地生态系统现状以及固碳相关的最新研究结果和政府文件,以森林、草地生态系统为主要研究对象,采用GIS空间叠置分析方法,界定我国典型陆地生态系统固碳重要区(注:涉及“全国”的各要素范围均未包含港澳台地区)的空间范围.研究结果:固碳重要区评价指标体系包括生态系统碳储量、碳汇和固碳潜力3个核心因子,界定过程包括界定范围选择、固碳高值区识别、固碳重要区范围确定和分区命名等步骤.在全国尺度界定了森林、草地两大类共计20个固碳重要区,总面积285.6×104 km2.其中,森林生态系统固碳重要区主要分布在我国东北部、西南部的深山区和东南部的山地丘陵,草地生态系统固碳重要区主要分布在内蒙古高原中东部、新疆西北部山地和青藏高原东南部.固碳重要区面积占全国国土总面积的29.8%,所提供的NPP(净初级生产力)量占全国NPP总量的40.7%,固碳能力是全国平均水平的1.37倍.固碳重要区范围界定结果符合“以较小面积获取较大服务”原则,适于作为我国实现碳减排目标的优先保护区域.      

塔儿山铁矿区土壤重金属污染评价及来源分析

通过采样分析山西省临汾市塔儿山铁矿区土壤中重金属元素的含量,揭示塔儿山铁矿区土壤中重金属污染的程度和来源,为矿区土壤污染治理修复提供参考依据。在尾矿区、复垦区、当地原始农业土壤区、处理污灌农地土区分别随机采集土壤样品,并进行9种重金属含量测定,采用地累积指数法和变异系数进行污染等级评价分析,并测定了土壤p H值。矿区As、Se、Zn、Pb 4种元素达到强度污染标准,Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni 4种元素为轻中度污染,无Hg元素污染;铁矿区土壤的p H值高于8.0,属于强碱性,不利于农作物的正常生长发育。粗放的铁矿开采活动是产生重金属污染的主要原因。     

石油开采区域生态环境质量综合评价研究

石油开采在规模不断扩张的同时,也造成了大面积的采区环境污染,严重降低了生态环境质量.为探索石油开采区域生态环境质量综合评价的有效方法,通过对石油开采区域生态环境质量及综合评价现状的分析,精选指标构建了石油开采区域生态环境质量的综合评价指标体系,利用专家调查法确定了各评价指标的相对权值,并构建了石油开采区域生态环境质量模糊综合评价模型,选择胜利油田某采区进行了综合评价的应用研究,对模糊综合评价模型的有效性进行了验证.     

某矿区农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价及形态分析研究

对广西某矿区农田土壤中的Cd、Pb、Zn、Hg进行潜在生态风险评价及存在形态分析.结果表明,研究区域Cd为极强危害程度,Pb和Hg为很强危害程度,Zn为中等危害程度,所有采样点位均处于很强危害程度,其中主要的贡献来自于Cd.形态分析结果表明,Cd以可交换态为主,Pb以碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化态为主,Zn以残渣态、有机结合态和铁锰氧化态为主,Hg以残渣态和有机结合态为主.次生相与原生相分布比值法与潜在生态风险评价法评价结果存在差异,两种方法的评价结果均应加以考虑.     

中国有色金属行业绿色发展和技术转型

我国有色金属行业发展迅速,铜、铝、铅、锌等10种有色金属产量占世界的40%以上。我国有色金属行业在资源节约、环境友好型产业的方针指导下,不断推动主体工艺技术进步,技术装备水平进入世界先进行列,重金属污染物防治、废物综合利用取得新进展,清洁生产取得显著成果,末端技术取得新突破。目前有色金属行业环境污染压力依然很大,需切实转变发展方式,继续走绿色发展之路。     

Protected‐Area Boundaries as Filters of Plant Invasions

Abstract: Human land uses surrounding protected areas provide propagules for colonization of these areas by non‐native species, and corridors between protected‐area networks and drainage systems of rivers provide pathways for long‐distance dispersal of non‐native species. Nevertheless, the influence of protected‐area boundaries on colonization of protected areas by invasive non‐native species is unknown. We drew on a spatially explicit data set of more than 27,000 non‐native plant presence records for South Africa's Kruger National Park to examine the role of boundaries in preventing colonization of protected areas by non‐native species. The number of records of non‐native invasive plants declined rapidly beyond 1500 m inside the park; thus, we believe that the park boundary limited the spread of non‐native plants. The number of non‐native invasive plants inside the park was a function of the amount of water runoff, density of major roads, and the presence of natural vegetation outside the park. Of the types of human‐induced disturbance, only the density of major roads outside the protected area significantly increased the number of non‐native plant records. Our findings suggest that the probability of incursion of invasive plants into protected areas can be quantified reliably.     

Biomass fuel use,burning technique and reasons for the denial of improved cooking stoves by Forest User Groups of Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary,Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the structural linkages of product quality, corporate image, store image, and price on customer satisfaction and loyalty towards green products usage in Malaysia. The research used structural equation modelling technique via AMOS 21.0 computer program for data analysis across a sample of 200 university students who applies a green lifestyle, such as purchasing green products which are referring to only retail goods, using recyclable products, and ozone-free products. Empirical analysis divulged that product quality followed by corporate image, store image, and product price jointly affected customer satisfaction in using green products. They are highly concerned that the green store provides a variety of good quality products with good value for money. Marketers should aggressively promote the identification of green products and overcome the problem of just noticeable difference between green product and non-green product among consumers for business sustainability. Empirical findings provide valuable insights to put forth in outlining effective marketing strategies that widen the marketers’ understanding of consumer behaviour in using green products with regard to their satisfaction and loyalty levels from the perspective of product quality, corporate image, store image, and product prices in Malaysia markets.