湖(库)水体富营养化综合防治对策

有效截留和控制流域外源营养物质的输入，去除或转化湖内营养物质的积累，是湖（库）水体富营养化控制的基点，本文提出了“外源性营养物质输入控制方案”，通过城市环保基础设施和生态农业体系的建设，能有效切断营养物质进入湖（库）水体的,地于控制水体富营养化具有长远意义。     

英国城市污水营养物（氮和磷）去除技术研究进展

欧共体“都市污水处理指令”使得英国大部分城市污水必须进行除磷脱氮处理。为此，英国水处理公司已经完成了营养物去除技术研究和开发计划。本文回顾了英国污水营养物去除的历史经验和近期的研究进展。     

环境管理的经济手段分析

环境管理中占主导地位的是直接管制手段，直接管制手段就是政府行政管理机构以指令控制的方式向污染排放者下达法令或提出具体的标准。直接管制在环境管理中取得了很好的成绩。但在环境和经济的协调效率上还不够灵活有效，显示出相当的局限性。阐述了排污收费,使用费，产品费,排污权交易、环境税收等常用的经济手段，并进行了比较分析。     

光照、温度和藻类对底泥释放磷的影响

在悬浮底泥与藻类体系中,不同温度和光照条件对底泥释放磷的影响方面的研究,尚未见到过报道。现对此进行了研究,并得出下述结论:有藻存在时底泥的释放量大于无藻存在时底泥的释放量。光照度大时(一定限度下),底泥的释放量稍有增加;温度升高时,底泥的释放量加大;水柱中含泥量大时,则磷的释放量也大。此工作对在不同条件下浅湖的内负荷量计算提供了基础。     

沈阳市铁西新区生态工业园规划与研究

结合老工业基地改造,构建新型经济发展模式,变过去传统资源—产品—污染排放的单向流动线性经济为“资源—产品—再生资源”的反馈式经济模式。从而达到节约资源、削减污染、提高经济运行质量和效益的目的,实现整个区域的可持续发展,促进园区生态系统良性循环,建设新型生态工业园区。     

Cost-effective nutrient reductions to coupled heterogeneous marine water basins: An application to the Baltic Sea

In this paper, the role of nutrient transports between marine basins is investigated for cost-effective solutions to predetermined marine basin targets. The interdependent advective nutrient transports as well as retentions among the seven major marine basins of the Baltic Sea are described by input-output analysis. This is in contrast to prior economic studies of transboundary water pollution that include only direct transport between the basins. The analytical results show that the difference in impacts between transport specifications depends mainly on the openness of the basins, that is, their transports with other basins. The application on Baltic Sea shows significant differences in costs and policy design between the nutrient transport specifications. The reason is that the Sea is characterized by long water and nutrient residence times, so relatively large part of nutrients are transported among basins.     

电气石在环境工程领域中的应用现状

电气石已经被广泛应用于环境工程领域中。应用电气石特殊的理化性能,制成陶瓷球用于生产负离子保健水,净化水质等方面,同时电气石也被用于庞大的污水处理工程中。本文主要介绍了电气石的应用现状及应用前景。     

Immobilization of lead in anthropogenic contaminated soils using phosphates with/without oxalic acid

Understanding the effects of oxalic acid (OA) on the immobilization of Pb(II) in contaminated soils by phosphate materials, has considerable benefits for risk assessment and remediation strategies for the soil. A series of phosphate amendments with/without oxalic acid were applied to two anthropogenic contaminated soils. We investigated the immobilization of Pb(II) by KH₂PO₄, phosphate rock (PR), activated phosphate rock (APR) and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) at different phosphate:Pb (P:Pb) molar ratios (0, 0.6, 2.0 and 4.0) in the presence/absence of 50 mmol oxalic acid/kg soil, respectively. The effects of treatments were evaluated using single extraction with deionized water or CaCl₂, Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) methods. Our results showed that the concentration of water extractable, exchangeable and TCLP-Pb all decreased with incubation time. The concentration of water-extractable Pb after 120 days was reduced by 100% when soils were amended with APR, HAP and HAP + OA, and the TCLP-Pb was <5 mg/L for the red soil at P:Pb molar ratio 4.0. Water-soluble Pb could not be detected and the TCLP-Pb was <5 mg/L at all treatments applied to the yellow-brown soil. BCR results indicated that APR was most effective, although a slight enhancement of water-soluble phosphate was detected at the P:Pb molar ratio 4.0 at the beginning of incubation. Oxalic acid activated phosphates, and so mixing insoluble phosphates with oxalic acid may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing Pb bioavailability.     

底泥的氮、磷释放及其微生物影响的研究

氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化 ,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏.本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状.总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想.本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论.目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素.