山地灾害垂直地带性及其对南水北调西线第一期工程的影响

由于形成山地灾害的多种自然因素具有垂直地带性，尤其作为主要动力因素的水，超过一定高度后由液态成为固态，从而造成了山地灾害的垂直地带性。山地灾害从高到低可分为冰雪带、冻融带和流水（古地下水，裂隙水）带，高低两带之间主体界线在南水北调西线工程及其邻近地区为4900m和3500m。各带均有其特点，其中对西线第一期工程及其下游地区可能造成重大影响的有：大型的冰崩、雪崩、冰湖崩决、滑坡或古滑坡复活、泥石流、泥石流坝或滑坡坝溃决。但这些大型山地灾害在该地区不很严重．今后出现的可能性小，只要引起重视，妥善处理，可以避免或减轻其危害。     

Estimating the volatility of mining projects considering price and operating cost uncertainties

In the real option pricing model of valuation and decision making, the estimation of future volatility is a key input parameter. For traded commodities or financial assets, past volatility is used as a proxy for predictions. But, for projects, this approach is not feasible because, in most cases, historical data of traded projects are not available. As an alternate solution, it is usually assumed that project volatility is equal to that of commodity price. In order to investigate this assumption, we estimate the project volatility considering that both commodity price and operating cost evolve as a geometric Brownian motion (GBM). Results of a hypothetical gold mining project indicate that project volatility is higher than that of commodity price and it only drops to price volatility under very unrealistic industry conditions, such as very high prices or very low production costs. In addition, we find that project volatility is independent of production capacity and taxation, but depends on increments in price and cost, as well as strongly on their degree of correlation.     

三峡工程对洞庭湖区滩地出露天数的影响

通过分析洞庭湖区 8个代表水文站 37年 11× 10 4 个逐日水位数据 ,研究了湖区不同时期滩地出露天数的变化规律 ,根据三峡工程建成前后与建成初期典型年逐日水位数据库资料 ,分析了三峡工程建成后 ,湖区各代表水文站水位的变化 ,在以上研究基础上 ,预测了三峡工程对湖区滩地出露天数的影响。认为 :三峡工程建成后初期 ,滩地出露天数变化的是低位滩地 ,中位滩地出露天数有一定变化 ,高位滩地基本不变 ;1～ 5月低位滩地和 6月中位滩地的出露天数都减少 ,7～ 9月出露情况不变 ,10～ 11月中低位滩地出露天数增加值大 ,12月出露天数变化小 ;其中东洞庭湖区和南洞庭湖区的横岭湖区滩地变化大。建成后中长期 ,所有高程滩地出露天数将逐渐增加。     

煤炭开采行业建设项目竣工环保验收调查重点问题分析

煤炭开采行业建设项目竣工环保验收主要是调查环境保护措施落实情况,以及对环保批文的落实情况,分析各项措施实施的有效性及可能存在的潜在环境影响,并提出切实可行的补救措施和应急措施。结合煤炭开采行业工程特点提出现场调查的要求,并对生态环境影响调查、水环境影响调查、大气环境影响调查、固体废物环境影响调查等重点环节调查验收中需要注意的问题进行详细的分析。     

建设项目环境影响技术评估促进我国NOx控制功效分析

从我国NOx及酸雨的环境现状及特征出发,结合我国火电NOx排放情况,并对近年来火电项目环境影响技术评估控制NOx减排统计分析,结合火电项目环境影响技术评估的实践,进而对我国实施NOx控制政策提出环境管理建议。     

中国三类自然资本的关键性检验与分析:1949-2007年

论文围绕关键自然资本的测算、"关键性"假设检验及案例展开,研究指出:随着观察期的延长,中国境内自然资本与物质资本的互补性不断下降,从20 a来看,淡水、化石能源及生产性土地具有物质资本无法替代的影响效力;中长期回归式中关键自然资本的回归系数为负数,由于生产性足迹描述关键自然资本开采情况,故而当下我国关键自然资本开采水平对可持续发展较不利。以此为据,估算南水北调工程引发相关区域淡水变动对当地可持续发展的影响,结果显示:受水区福利的增加对应着水源区福利的下降,南水北调东、中线工程缓和了受水区关键自然资本不可持续开采的压力,增加了水源区承担的关键自然资本不可持续式开采负外部性。     

Debt for brands: tracking down a bias in financing photovoltaic projects in Germany

What kinds of PV project configurations do lenders prefer to finance? Recent developments in the field of renewable energy project finance have reinforced the need for investigation, as fundraising has become more challenging and project evaluation by banks more demanding. To contribute to the limited research in this field, we focus on photovoltaic projects and report from an Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint experiment with German experts in project finance. We find a bias which we call “debt for brands”. Simulations reveal that debt investors prefer projects with premium brand technology (modules, inverters) to low-cost technology. Although we assumed that lenders prefer projects with the highest Debt Service Cover Ratio (DSCR), they favor projects with lower DSCR, as long as those projects include premium brand technology. We find that, if premium brands were engaged, lenders would also choose projects with higher risk. Our findings have implications for renewable energy project finance in practice and research.     

Computing payment for ecosystem services in watersheds: An analysis of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion in China

An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on payment for ecosystem services outflows theory.     

Assessing BMP Effectiveness and Guiding BMP Planning Using Process‐Based Modeling

There is an increasing need for improved process‐based planning tools to assist watershed managers in the selection and placement of effective best management practices (BMPs). In this article, we present an approach, based on the Water Erosion Prediction Project model and a pesticide transport model, to identify dominant hydrologic flow paths and critical source areas for a variety of pollutant types. We use this approach to compare the relative impacts of BMPs on hydrology, erosion, sediment, and pollutant delivery within different landscapes. Specifically, we focus on using this approach to understand what factors promoted and/or hindered BMP effectiveness at three Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds: Paradise Creek Watershed in Idaho, Walnut Creek Watershed in Iowa, and Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed in Missouri. These watersheds were first broken down into unique land types based on soil and topographic characteristics. We used the model to assess BMP effectiveness in each of these land types. This simple process‐based modeling approach provided valuable insights that are not generally available to planners when selecting and locating BMPs and helped explain fundamental reasons why long‐term improvement in water quality of these three watersheds has yet to be completely realized.     

地基上受化学污染发生胀害工程实例的试验研究

介绍了大冶有色金属公司饮料厂汽水车间地基土发生胀害原因的调查及试验分析。揭示了该地基土因受化学污染发生膨胀的机理,为治理已有裂缝和防止裂缝进一步发展,确保该建筑物安全使用提供了依据。