隆回县高海拔山区高效生态经济型退耕还林造林模式研究

通过对六种植物配置方式及三种开发模式的对比试验分析，试验出了一种融水土保持效益与经济效益于一体的高效生态经济型造林模式，并探讨了灰毡毛忍冬产量与海拔高度的关系．结果表明：在自然条件恶劣的小沙江高海拔山区，采用金银花(品种为灰毡毛忍冬) 三木药材或其它草本药材，运用景观生态学原理进行设计开发，可获得很好的经济效益与社会效益，并能保持山区的可持续发展．同时还试验出了主栽树种灰毡毛忍冬在海拔1000～1400m之间时经济效益最好．     

生态城区建设中的生态第三产业发展对策--以长沙市芙蓉区为例

发展生态第三产业是生态城区建设的必然要求.本文以长沙市芙蓉区为例,在分析了芙蓉区第三产业现状的基础上,提出了建设生态第三产业的发展对策.     

烟台市近海海域水质污染研究

烟台市海洋渔业资源丰富,水产业在该市农业经济中占有重要的地位,但近海海域存在石油、无权氮和活性磷酸盐的污染,水质污染对水力业构成了严重危害．为控制该市近海海域水质污染,本文建议当地政府加强对工业污染源的管理,尽快兴建新的污水处理工程,加强海上船舶排污的监督与管理力度,以及引导农民合理应用化肥．     

Life-Cycle Impact Assessment of oil drilling mud system in Algerian arid area

The objective of this work is to assess the environmental impacts of the drilling mud system in Algeria's arid region. Water-based mud (WBM) and oil-based mud (OBM) are used during well drilling in Hassi Messaoud petroleum field, and have a considerable pollution potential particularly on the aquifer system which constitutes the single resource of drinking water in the Sahara. The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is applied to evaluate the impacts of several drilling mud systems across all stages of their life cycle, e.g. use, treatment and disposal. Environmental impacts of five treatments scenarios corresponding to the drilling waste management applied in Hassi Messaoud are compared: reserve pit without treatment (burial option), secondary high centrifugation (vertical cuttings dryer), stabilisation/solidification online, stabilisation/solidification off line and thermal desorption. The impact assessment is carried on using the LCIA models of Impact 2002+ method in SIMAPRO7 software. This assessment identifies human toxicity and terrestrial eco-toxicity as the major impact categories in this specific arid context and quantifies the emissions contributions. The local environmental impact is the most important of the drilling mud life cycle and is mainly linked to emissions from reserve pits, treated cuttings, and drilling phase 16″ through the Turonian and Albian aquifer. The main contributing substances are aromatic hydrocarbons fraction and metals in particular barium, zinc, antimony, arsenic, and aluminium. Concerning the comparison of the treatment scenarios, it appears that stabilisation/solidification online is the best one; it has the lowest impact score in the two dominating categories because of the waste minimisation: mud storage avoided in the reserve pit. The second best scenario is the thermal desorption which obtains the lowest impact score in carcinogen effects due to hydrocarbons reduction (<1%) and avoided impacts of recovered oil. The toxic substances fate modeling will be improved by taking into account their site-specific impact.     

西北地区生态用水的探讨

我国西北地区多处于干旱气候带，水资源匮乏，生态环境脆弱。为实施西北地区生态恢复与重建，必须合理开发和利用该区有限的水资源，科学地确定社会用水同生态用水的比例，积极保证生态用水，合理利用生态用水，注重生态用水的多重效益。结合西北干旱区实际情况，就这一地区生态用水的开发和利用做了分析阐述。     

PREDICTING EROSION AND DEPOSITION ON A STRIPMINED AND RECLAIMED AREA1

ABSTRACT A rill-interrill erosion model was applied to a mined and reclaimed area. Soil loss from the interrill areas was estimated by the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The model considers the fate and ultimate disposition of the sediment from interrill areas along with the fate and destination of soil materials detached by the rill flow. The net sediment loss was predicted by comparing, for a given flow, the amounts of eroded soil to rill transport capacity. When applied to a selected stripmined and reclaimed site the model displayed the location of contributing areas and the amount of erosion and deposition. The predicted areal distribution of erosion and deposition was compared to measured data. Agreement between the predicted and measured values was within 25 percent.     

某石化化工行业聚集区室内外PM2.5中多环芳烃分布特征及来源

于非采暖季和采暖季分别采集某石化化工行业聚集城市中心城区室内外PM_(2.5)样品,采用高效液相色谱法分析PM_(2.5)上载带的16种PAHs,对其分布特征、来源以及室外PAHs污染对室内污染的贡献进行了初步探讨。结果表明,研究区域非采暖季和采暖季室外PM_(2.5)中ΣPAHs浓度日均值分别为36.3、294 ng/m~3,室内PM_(2.5)中ΣPAHs浓度分别为14.8、84.6 ng/m~3,均以4、5环PAHs为主;室内PAHs主要来自室外渗透污染,但同时明显存在室内排放源贡献;PAHs来源分析进一步证实研究区域PAHs主要来自煤炭、石油等不完全燃烧,采暖季煤炭燃烧源贡献更突出。     

上海市浦东新区大气降水化学组分及其相关性分析

依据上海市浦东新区2010—2015年2个代表性采样点的142份监测数据,对降水中的化学组成及各组分间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,监测期间单次降雨的pH值为3.85~6.09,平均值为5.09,属硫酸型/硝酸型复合污染酸雨。其中SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-为主要离子,平均值分别为4.55和3.31 mg/L。通过SPSS统计分析得出,人类生活和生产过程以及海洋源是浦东新区大气降水化学组分的主要来源,但仍存在不同的区域特征。     

农产品产地土壤重金属外源污染来源解析及防控策略研究

分析了工业生产排放、污水灌溉、矿产资源开发、农业投入品施用、大气颗粒物降尘及固体废弃物堆放等农产品产地土壤重金属主要外源污染来源,在此基础上构建了包括工业过程源、固定燃烧源、灌溉水源、废弃物堆放源、流动源和农业投入品源的来源清单,并从建立健全源头预防和强化过程控制2个方面,提出了加强农产品产地土壤重金属污染监管的相关建议。     

青岛近岸海域生态环境质量综合评价

基于国外近岸海域生态质量状况综合评价方法,结合国内海洋环境质量评价的研究现状,由生物、水质、沉积物指标和栖息地变化情况构成青岛近岸海域生态环境质量综合评价指标体系,并选取合适的评价模型,同时通过研究海域主要污染物的分布情况对评价结果进行反向验证。结果表明,青岛近岸海域生态质量状况综合评价等级为一般,受人为扰动的影响较大;该方法能够较好地反映主要的人为环境压力和风险因子,同时对潜在的污染因子有一定的预警作用。