湖北省酸雨控制区二氧化硫污染防治规划

在归纳湖北省酸雨控制区二氧化硫污染特征的基础上,对我省酸雨控制区二氧化硫的防治途径进行了分析。提出了全省“十五”期间二氧化硫总量控制规划,并从工业点源治理、城市清洁能源两大方面安排了二氧化硫污染防治的工程措施。“十五”期间全省共安排重点项目45项,计划投资960282万元,项目完成后削减二氧化硫19.19万t/a,实现“十五”规划目标。     

生态塘处理农村生活污水的效果分析

通过浮床技术在稳定塘水面种植生态植物加强稳定塘的处理效果而建立生态塘.试验中得出该生态塘对高浓度生活污水具有很好的处理效果,其对CODCr,NH4 -N,TN和TP均能体现出较高的去徐水平,去除率可分别达到55%,70%,80%和75%以上,即使在梅雨季节,水力停留时间大大缩短时亦能取得很好的处理效果,在农村地区较为适用.     

排放控制区政策下船舶辅机大气污染物排放特征研究

船舶运输业蓬勃发展的同时，也向大气中排放了大量有害气体.为此我国制定了分阶段实施的船舶排放控制区政策，以期通过限制燃油含硫量控制船舶大气污染问题.本研究于2016年和2018年在排放控制区政策实施前后，连续对A船和B船2艘万吨级航海船进行登船实测，使用"碳平衡法"计算了船舶尾气中各类污染物基于燃油消耗量的排放因子.结果表明，A船、B船由使用含硫量为2.20%和2.10%的燃油转为使用含硫量为0.470%和0.003%的燃油后，SO₂排放因子分别由44.00 g·kg^-1和42.00 g·kg^-1下降到9.40 g·kg^-1和0.80 g·kg^-1，PM_2.5排放因子分别由2.44 g·kg^-1和1.02 g·kg^-1下降到0.870 g·kg^-1和0.003 g·kg^-1，TVOC排放因子则分别由0.061 g·kg^-1和0.106 g·kg^-1升高到0.292 g·kg^-1和0.706 g·kg^-1.对比使用不同含硫量燃油时船舶PM_2.5的减排情况发现，现阶段以燃油含硫量≤ 0.5%为限值的排放控制区政策，以及即将推行的以燃油含硫量≤ 0.1%为限值的排放控制区政策都能有效地降低船舶颗粒物排放.在成分特征方面，转用含硫量更低的燃油后，A船、B船PM_2.5中硫酸盐在水溶性离子中的占比分别由58.6%和44.3%下降到18.1%和7.9%；PM_2.5中钒元素含量分别降低了82.5%和98.9%，镍元素含量分别降低了20.8%和98.5%；VOCs中烯烃占比分别提高了11.9%和19.3%，而芳香烃占比则分别下降了32.0%和4.5%.由于排放控制区政策实施以后，船舶排放的颗粒物中钒元素的含量大幅减少，钒元素将不再适合作为船舶大气污染示踪物.     

关于加强江苏省自然保护区建设与管理的几点思考

目前,江苏省已初步建成各级各类自然保护区,为全省生态环境保护奠定了基础,但是自然区保护与资源开发之间的矛盾业已成为江苏省自然保护区建设与管理中的主要问题之一.在仔细分析问题存在原因的基础上,提出了加强全省自然保护区建设与管理的一系列对策措施.     

公路环境影响评价中几个水环境问题的探讨

对公路项目环境影响评价中存在的几个水环境问题进行了探讨。(1)对公路生活污水源强的计算方法及相关参数的取值进行了分析讨论，认为计算施工营地与公路服务区等附属生活污水源强时，应根据不同地域、不同的卫生设备状况选择不同的用水定额、折减系数及污染物浓度。(2)公路应尽量避绕环境法规禁止通过的区域，如生活饮用水源地一级保护区、自然保护区的核心区和缓冲区等。(3)公路经过环境法规禁止排放污水的区域，如生活饮用水源地二级保护区等区域时，应采取措施限制施工废水及公路附属设施污水的排放，对路面径流排水建议允许做适当处理后排放。     

重要生态功能区划方法研究——以南京市为例

提出了对城市范围内的重要生态功能区进行分类划定的方法，包括功能区的划分类型、边界确定的原则等，并以南京市为例，对其市域范围内的重要生态功能区进行了区域划分。     

The Modelling of Turbulence from Traffic in Urban Dispersion Models — Part I: Theoretical Considerations

The modelling of pollutant dispersion at the street scale in an urban environment requires the knowledge of turbulence generated by the traffic motion in streets. In this paper, a theoretical framework to estimate mechanical turbulence induced by traffic in street canyons at low wind speed conditions is established. The standard deviation of the velocity fluctuations is adopted as a measure of traffic-produced turbulence (TPT). Based on the balance between turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation, three different parameterisations for TPT suitable for different traffic flow conditions are derived and discussed. These formulae rely on the calculations of constants that need to be estimated on the basis of experimental data. One such estimate has been made with the help of a wind tunnel data set corresponding to intermediate traffic densities, which is the most common regime, with interacting vehicle wakes.     

Association between driver and child passenger restraint: Analysis of community-based observational survey data from 2005 to 2019

Introduction: Crash data suggest an association between driver seatbelt use and child passenger restraint. However, community-based restraint use is largely unknown. We examined the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint using data from a state-wide observational study. Methods: Data from Iowa Child Passenger Restraint Survey, a representative state-wide survey of adult seat belt use and child passenger safety, were analyzed. A total of 44,996 child passengers age 0–17 years were observed from 2005 to 2019. Information about driver seatbelt use and child restraint was directly observed by surveyors and driver age was reported. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint adjusting for vehicle type, community size, child seating position, child passenger age, and year. Results: Over the 15-year study period, 4,114 (9.1%) drivers were unbelted, 3,692 (8.2%) children were completely unrestrained, and another 1,601 (3.6%) children were improperly restrained (analyzed as unrestrained). About half of unbelted drivers had their child passengers unrestrained (51.8%), while nearly all belted drivers had their child passengers properly restrained (92.3%). Compared with belted drivers, unbelted drivers had an 11-fold increased odds of driving an unrestrained child passenger (OR = 11.19, 95%CI = 10.36, 12.09). The association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint was much stronger among teenage drivers. Unbelted teenage drivers were 33-fold more likely (OR = 33.34, 95%CI = 21.11, 52.64) to have an unrestrained child passenger. Conclusion: These data suggest that efforts to increase driver seatbelt use may also have the added benefit of increasing child restraint use. Practical applications: Enforcement of child passenger laws and existing education programs for new drivers could be leveraged to increase awareness of the benefits of seatbelt use for both drivers themselves and their occupants. Interventions aimed at rural parents could emphasize the importance of child safety restraints.     

矿区环境信息管理与决策系统的研究与开发

将ASP技术、WebGIS技术应用于矿区环境信息管理系统中,对于矿区环境管理、数字环保具有重要价值。在研究环境信息管理系统及相关技术的基础上,从系统需求、数据库、系统体系及功能结构等多方面设计和实现了矿区环境信息管理与决策系统,促进了矿业城市的可持续发展。     

地下采空诱发顺层岩质斜坡变形破坏特征研究

为揭示地下采空诱发顺层岩质斜坡变形失稳的机制,采用底摩擦模型模拟试验方法,以重庆市鸡尾山地质条件为试验对象,研究不同开采顺序(顺坡开采、逆坡开采)、煤柱留设(上下边界矿柱、区段或水平矿柱)情况下,地下采空区不同空间分布诱发其上覆岩层的变形破裂响应特征。结果表明:1)地下采空区分布不同,其上覆岩层变形破裂响应特征也不同;2)软弱夹层是顺层斜坡的潜在滑动面,同一矿山地质条件、不同采空区影响下的软弱夹层可分为凹形、凸形、S形、反S形4种类型;3)地下采矿形成采空区后,岩体破坏规模及程度主要受地质环境和开采方式的控制,地下采空影响下类似含软弱夹层缓倾斜顺层斜坡的变形机制为弯曲-断裂、滑移-拉裂。