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991.
992.
Andrew Chin Fergus John Molloy Darren Cameron Jon C. Day Jessica Cramp Karin Leeann Gerhardt Michelle R. Heupel Mark Read Colin A. Simpfendorfer 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e13917
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools in addressing the global decline of sharks and rays, and marine parks and shark sanctuaries of various configurations have been established to conserve shark populations. However, assessments of their efficacy are compromised by inconsistent terminology, lack of standardized approaches to assess how MPAs contribute to shark and ray conservation, and ambiguity about how to integrate movement data in assessment processes. We devised a conceptual framework to standardize key terms (e.g., protection, contribution, potential impact, risk, threat) and used the concept of portfolio risk to identify key attributes of sharks and rays (assets), the threats they face (portfolio risk), and the specific role of MPAs in risk mitigation (insurance). Movement data can be integrated into the process by informing risk exposure and mitigation through MPAs. The framework is operationalized by posing 8 key questions that prompt practitioners to consider the assessment scope, MPA type and purpose, range of existing and potential threats, species biology and ecology, and management and operational contexts. Ultimately, MPA contributions to shark and ray conservation differ according to a complex set of human and natural factors and interactions that should be carefully considered in MPA design, implementation, and evaluation. 相似文献
993.
Richard Schuster Rachel Buxton Jeffrey O. Hanson Allison D. Binley Jeremy Pittman Vivitskaia Tulloch Frank A. La Sorte Patrick R. Roehrdanz Peter H. Verburg Amanda D. Rodewald Scott Wilson Hugh P. Possingham Joseph R. Bennett 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14048
Protected areas are a key instrument for conservation. Despite this, they are vulnerable to risks associated with weak governance, land-use intensification, and climate change. We used a novel hierarchical optimization approach to identify priority areas for expanding the global protected area system that explicitly accounted for such risks while maximizing protection of all known terrestrial vertebrate species. To incorporate risk categories, we built on the minimum set problem, where the objective is to reach species distribution protection targets while accounting for 1 constraint, such as land cost or area. We expanded this approach to include multiple objectives accounting for risk in the problem formulation by treating each risk layer as a separate objective in the problem formulation. Reducing exposure to these risks required expanding the area of the global protected area system by 1.6% while still meeting conservation targets. Incorporating risks from weak governance drove the greatest changes in spatial priorities for protection, and incorporating risks from climate change required the largest increase (2.52%) in global protected area. Conserving wide-ranging species required countries with relatively strong governance to protect more land when they bordered nations with comparatively weak governance. Our results underscore the need for cross-jurisdictional coordination and demonstrate how risk can be efficiently incorporated into conservation planning. Planeación de las áreas protegidas para conservar la biodiversidad en un futuro incierto 相似文献
994.
东南沿海润湿时间变化规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用4次数据法统计了东南沿海92个气象台站近15年的润湿时间tTOW,分析了温湿度组合、海拔高度、经纬度、是否临近海边等因素对tTOW的影响.研究表明:东南沿海0℃、80%温湿组合的tTOW在3500~5500h之间,少数地方高于5500h;在此温湿度组合下的tTOW,低海拔与高海拔、低纬度与高纬度、海边与内陆较接近;0℃、95%温湿组合的tTOW,高海拔、高纬度、内陆分别比低海拔、低纬度、沿海高,而25℃、80%或95%温湿组合的tTOW正好与此相反.这充分说明ISO 9223标准以0℃、80%温湿组合统计润湿时间的方法值得商榷. 相似文献
995.
Christopher J. Lemieux Mark Groulx Elizabeth Halpenny Heather Stager Jackie Dawson Emma J. Stewart 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(5):653-671
Rapid environmental change in vulnerable destinations has stimulated a new form of travel termed “last chance tourism” (LCT). Studies have examined the risks of LCT, while leaving potential opportunities within this new tourism market largely underexplored. Results of survey (n?=?399) research in Jasper National Park, Canada reveal that a LCT motivation influences decisions to visit this iconic Canadian destination, and suggest that this motivation is linked to a desire to learn about the impacts of climate change on the Athabasca Glacier. Findings suggest there may be short to medium term opportunities associated with LCT, including promoting climate change ambassadorship through management interventions. This paper discusses a range of possible education, interpretive, and outreach activities that might be employed at LCT destinations. It outlines the relative merits (or what we refer to as “uneasy benefits”) of promoting the glacier and other LCT destinations within a protected areas management and climate change adaptation context. 相似文献
996.
Out of the wilderness? Achieving sustainable development within Scottish national parks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The introduction of national parks to Scotland represents a significant shift in the evolution of protected area management within the UK. Although the National Parks (Scotland) Act 2000 adopts the established national park aims of conservation and recreation, provisions are also made for advancing notions of sustainable development. This paper provides an assessment of the degree to which the Scottish national park model is likely to enable the realisation of multiple national park objectives. Five key areas are considered for analysis. These relate to management aims, institutional arrangements, implementation, democratic accountability and funding. The evaluation reveals that whilst management provisions have been established in accordance with international sustainable development guidelines, a number of concerns relating to operational processes remain. 相似文献
997.
Johnson DM Hokanson DR Zhang Q Czupinski KD Tang J 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(3):416-427
Water scarcity is threatening social and economic growth in rural areas of developing countries. There are potential markets for water purification technologies in these regions. The main focus of this article is to evaluate the social, economic and political feasibilities of providing water purification technologies to rural areas of developing countries. The findings of this research can serve as the basis for private investors interested in entering this market. Four representative regions were selected for the study. Economic, demographic, and environmental variables of each region were collected and analyzed along with domestic markets and political information. Rural areas of the developing world are populated with poor people unable to fulfill the basic needs for clean water and sanitation. These people represent an important group of potential users. Due to economic, social, and political risks in these areas, it is difficult to build a strong case for any business or organization focusing on immediate returns on capital investment. A plausible business strategy would be to approach the water purification market as a corporate responsibility and social investing in the short term. This would allow an organization to be well positioned once the economic ability of individuals, governments, and donor agencies are better aligned. 相似文献
998.
云南省主体功能区水资源开发利用初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
云南省河湖众多,降水丰富,水资源总量居全国第三位,然而在社会经济发展中,云南省水资源分布与利用之间的矛盾日渐突出。从云南省各主体功能区的自然、经济、社会、科技等因素入手,分析了各主体功能区水资源开发利用和管理的现状及其影响因素,提出了云南省各主体功能区水资源可持续利用的建议。 相似文献
999.
Protected Turkish areas in the Mediterranean region are compared with those of other Mediterranean countries. Policies followed
in Turkey for conservation protection of the natural and cultural environment and the use of coastal resources for tourism
are discussed. The purpose and application of Turkish law is examined with respect to the interaction between the protection
of coastal areas and tourism. Modifications on the administrative and management regulations in Turkey enabling a better use
of coastal areas is suggested by combining coastal tourism and protection. The necessity and importance of estabilishing and
managing Marine Parks in short-and long-term plans are acknowledged. 相似文献
1000.
通过对昌吉州农村水环境、空气质量及土壤调查现状的监测分析,获取农村环境现状情况,依据取得的数据综合评价农村环境的动态变化趋势。并在此基础上,进一步探讨农村环境存在的问题及提出可行的对策及建议。 相似文献