防护服对消防员工效性能影响的定量研究*

为开发高性能防护服以提升救援效率,基于人体试验,测量受试者穿戴灭火防护服、半封闭防化服、全封闭防化服以及基础服装（对照组）时静态条件下左右手握力值、疲劳度（RPE）和活动受限程度,通过方差分析、接受者操作特征（ROC）曲线图、相关性分析进行定量研究。研究结果表明:灭火防护服对消防员工效性能影响大于防化服,灭火防护服较对照组握力减小32%、RPE增大54%、活动受限程度增大35倍,且RPE和活动受限程度均与握力呈显著负相关（p<0.001）。研究结果可为消防员个体防护服装设计、测试、性能提升等提供理论支撑,也可为消防员生命安全保障研究提供基础数据。     

高空供氧装备工程设计中的生理基础

论述了在“背心──抗Ｇ服”系统供氧装备的研制中遇到有关装备设计中的生理问题，用系统论的观点对上述问题作一介绍，以期达到使飞机工程设计和防护生理研究人员在理论和实践上取得一致认识的目的。     

当前环境管理体系下环保NGO角色定位及生存环境探讨

环保NGO的明确的角色定位有利于提高其行为效率。对中国环保NGO的行为过程进行研究后指出其应以合作者、监督者、环保决策的参与者和环保理念的宣传者的角色规范自己以提高自己的行为能力。同时从经济、法规政策和国际环境三个方面对其生存环境进行了分析,指出改善其生存环境的重要手段就是不断完善相关的法律法规和政策。     

关于围填海工程的生态环境保护措施

以洋山深水港区围填海活动为例,结合工程对周边海域生态环境造成的一定的影响,提出围填海工程的生态环境保护措施。从宣传力度、环境监测工作全方位监控、环境保护监理工作、填海工程环保机构、水环境保护、大气环境保护、声环境保护、固废处置、保护生态环境的影响、敏感目标保护、风险事故环保应急、生态修复等方面做出相应的保护措施方案,以期为和谐海洋的构建、海洋资源的有效利用以及海洋生态环境可持续发展提供借鉴意义。     

一起带状屑割伤车工双腿事故的原因及预防措施

利用安全系统工程学中事故树分析法对带状屑割伤车工双腿事故进行了分析 ,并提出了防止事故发生的预防措施。     

Morphodynamic responses of nourished beaches in SW Spain

Coastal erosion in SW Spain is affecting man-made structures and beaches that represent an important economic resource in the area. In the last decade the Spanish government carried out several nourishment works that have limited durability. Most of the artificial beach fills consist of a spill of natural dredged sand on the visible beach, leading to a flat, artificial berm with an important seaward slope and narrow foreshore. As a result, the initial dissipative profile was transformed into a fully reflective one. A beach monitoring program was carried out to record morphological evolution after the nourishment works. Several field assessments of disturbance depth were also made to characterize beach morphodynamics of a nourished beach (Rota) and a natural dissipative one (Tres Piedras), whose slope was similar to the pre-nourishment gradient of Rota beach. Natural dissipative beaches were characterized by spilling breakers that did not significantly affect bottom sand. The severe erosion recorded in the nourished zones was related to the new morphodynamic regime acting on these beaches, which was controlled by high erosive plunging breakers associated with high foreshore slopes. In conclusion, other nourishment practices should be used, better adapted to the natural beach morphodynamics of the zone, taking also into account the original grain size and density of the beach sands, in order to obtain more durable artificial beaches.     

GB 19083-2010《医用防护口罩技术要求》标准解读

本文主要介绍新标准GB19083-2010的修订背景、新旧标准的差异对比,重点介绍影响口罩防护效果的重要指标—过滤效率和口罩密合性项目,并对生产厂家在应用标准时需要注意的事项加以说明。     

The penetration of formulated guthion® spray through selected fabrics

Abstract

A technique for comparing pesticide penetration through fabric was devised. It involved passing fabric swatches through a controlled spray system and measuring the pesticide residue transferring on and through the tested fabric. Six variations in fabric were selected for testing: 100% cotton woven chambray,

Scotch‐guard^® treated chambray, Tyvek^® , Crowntex^® , and two variations of Gore Tex^®. Guthion^® (azinphos‐methyl) was chosen as the insecticide for controlled use in this experiment because of its widespread use and relatively high toxicity.

Gas Chromatographie analysis of the amount of Guthion^® transferred through the outer fabric was made by the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test. The ANOVA for experiment replication showed no significant difference among the replications of each fabric. The treatment ANOVA was highly significant at the 0.01 level.

Duncan's multiple range test further analyzed the differences in the treatment, and three groups were found to be significantly different from each other. The two types of Gore Tex^®, Tyvek^® and Crowntex^® comprised the group permitting the least penetration. Scotch‐guard^® treated chambray followed, and untreated chambray allowed the greatest penetration.     

常用聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温系统的点燃特性研究

基于锥形量热仪实验,对常用的聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温系统的点燃特性进行了实验研究。所研究的系统种类包括粘贴保温板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统,瓷砖饰面粘贴保温板外墙外保温系统,胶粉浆料复合保温板外墙外保温系统和保温装饰板外墙外保温系统。实验结果显示,聚氨酯硬泡保温板和聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温系统都可由热厚型点燃描述。在防护层对点燃时间的抑制效果方面,胶粉聚苯颗粒复合保温板系统最好,瓷砖饰面系统稍差但明显好于5mm和3mm厚防护层的薄抹灰系统,铝板保温装饰板系统最差。     

粉尘爆炸技术的最新发展

系统论述了爆炸防护技术的最新发展，为了选择最佳防护措施必须恰当鉴定和评估，包括材料的性质。借助一些经验公式，可估算温度对各种材料操作参数的影响。用情化法不仅可防止可爆混合物的形成还可防止其着火。对设备的“结构防爆”措施，近年来已制造出买用的容器。可以确信，工业爆炸防护领域必将拥有足够的技术以有效地战胜爆炸危险。