3株溶藻细菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻效应

从武汉市的池塘分离到3株编号分别为M6,M8和M13的溶藻细菌,对这3株细菌的生理生化特性、溶藻专一性和溶藻原因进行了研究.结果表明:M6,M8和M13分别属于葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus sp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.);它们分别能溶解鲍氏织线藻、念珠藻、鱼腥藻、坑形席藻、铜绿微囊藻、鞘丝藻等多种蓝藻,并且它们的液体溶藻现象较固体溶藻现象明显;3株溶藻细菌培养液的过滤液仍有溶藻效应,说明溶藻原因可能是细菌释放某种化学物质所致.      

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas sp. JM2 isolated from active sewage sludge of chemical plant

It is important to screen strains that can decompose polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) completely and rapidly with good adaptability for bioremediation in a local area. A bacterial strain JM2, which uses phenanthrene as its sole carbon source, was isolated from the active sewage sludge from a chemical plant in Jilin, China and identified as Pseudomonas based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Although the optimal growth conditions were determined to be pH 6.0 and 37℃, JM2 showed a broad pH and temperature profile. At pH 4.5 and 9.3, JM2 could degrade more than 40% of fluorene and phenanthrene (50 mg/L each) within 4 days. In addition, when the temperature was as low as 4℃, JM2 could degrade up to 24% fluorene and 12% phenanthrene. This showed the potential for JM2 to be applied in bioremediation over winter or in cold regions. Moreover, a nutrient augmentation study showed that adding formate into media could promote PAH degradation, while the supplement of salicylate had an inhibitive effect. Furthermore, in a metabolic pathway study, salicylate, phthalic acid, and 9-fluorenone were detected during the degradation of fluorene or phenanthrene. In conclusion, Pseudomonas sp. JM2 is a high performance strain in the degradation of fluorene and phenanthrene under extreme pH and temperature conditions. It might be useful in the bioremediation of PAHs.     

苯并噻吩脱硫菌株的筛选及脱硫活性研究

从孤岛油田油浸土样中筛选到1株能降解苯并噻吩(BT)的脱硫菌,经初步鉴定该菌为戈登氏菌属(Gordona sp.).实验证明:该菌能以类似于4S途径脱除BT及其衍生物中的硫,但是不能脱除二苯并噻吩(DBT)及其衍生物中的硫.GC-MS分析表明该途径的终产物为邻羟基苯乙醛或其异构体苯并呋喃.在以BT为唯一硫源的培养基中30℃培养48h,Gordona sp.C-6能降解0.15mmol/L的BT,终产物占发酵培养基中BT加入量的50%,其余BT在有氧培养过程中挥发.通过Matlab拟合曲线确定以邻羟基苯乙酸为标准品进行产物定量检测的方法.     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD12

A new phenol-degrading bacterium with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance of phenol, strain PD 12, was isolated from the activated sludge of Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Facility in China. This strain was capable of removing 500 mg phenol/L in liquid minimal medium by 99.6% within 9 h and metabolizing phenol at concentrations up to 1100 mg/L. DNA sequencing and homologous analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified PD12 to be an Acinetobacter sp. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） was used as a gel matrix to immobilize Acinetobacter sp. strain PDI2 by repeated freezing and thawing. The factors affecting phenol degradation of immobilized cells were investigated, and the results showed that the immobilized cells could tolerate a high phenol level and protected the bacteria against changes in temperature and pH. Storage stability and reusability tests revealed that the phenol degradation functions of immobilized cells were stable after reuse for 50 times or storing at 4℃ for 50 d. These results indicate that immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD 12 possesses a good application potential in the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater.     

1株海洋异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

以海水为基质,采用传统的微生物分离纯化方法,从海底沉积物中分离筛选得到1株耐盐异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌y5,经形态、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌为克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.).对其脱氮特性及影响因素进行了研究,结果表明,菌株y5的最佳碳源为柠檬酸三钠,最适p H值为7.0,最适C/N为17.菌株均能以NH4Cl、Na NO2和KNO3为唯一氮源进行反应,36 h的去除率分别为77.07%、64.14%和100%.3种氮源共存时,36 h的去除率达到100%.表明菌株y5在高盐废水中具有独立高效的异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用.     

酚降解菌株的分离、鉴定和在含酚废水生物处理中的应用

从石油化工厂的活性污泥和废水混合物中分离到10个降解酚的细菌菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列分析,5个菌株(PD1、PD2、PD6、PD7和PD39)被鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.),4个菌株(PD4、PD5、PD8和PD9)为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.),1个菌株(PD3)为丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas sp.).对假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)PD39菌株的酚降解特性、最适生长条件、降解底物的范围、儿茶酚1,2-双加氧酶(C12O)和儿茶酚2,3-双加氧酶(C23O)活性、含酚废水的生物处理等,进行了详细研究.结果表明,PD39菌株的最适生长和降解条件是,培养基的起始pH为7.0,培养温度为30℃,酚浓度为800 mg/L,对酚的最大降解浓度为1 200 mg/L.酚浓度为637 mg/L的工业废水经72 h处理酚的去除率达到99.96%.PD39菌株有很好的应用潜力来作含酚废水活性污泥处理系统的强化菌株.     

Metabolism-independent chemotaxis of Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 toward aromatic compounds

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilized methyl parathion or para-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, and methyl parathion hydrolase had been previously characterized. Its chemotactic behaviors to aromatics were investigated. The results indicated that strain WBC-3 was attracted to multiple aromatic compounds, including metabolizable or transformable substrates PNP, 4-nitrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Disruption of PNP catabolic genes had no e?ect on its chemotactic behaviors w...     

荧光假单胞菌产铁载体对油麦菜吸收砂基和水基中镉的影响

选取荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescence)作为代表微生物菌种,考察了菌体产铁载体的规律,并研究了添加菌体对水培油麦菜吸收砂基和水基中Cd2+的影响。在此基础上分析了根际微生物与重金属之间的相互作用机理,为典型微生物在重金属污染治理中的作用提供了可借鉴的理论基础。通过平板实验证实荧光假单胞菌菌体代谢能够产生铁载体,且产铁载体量随着菌体培养时间的增加而增大。铁载体能够与Cd2+络合,将Cd2+固定,使得油麦菜对Cd2+的吸收减少。添加菌体后,采用砂基和水基方式培养的油麦菜中Cd的含量分别减少了27.23%~50.74%和10.57%~45.53%,表明菌体形成的根际微生物能抑制油麦菜对Cd的吸收。因此,微生物代谢产生的铁载体可在重金属污染的植物修复中起到重要作用。     

利用微拟球藻去除污水中氮磷及生产富油生物质

为探讨污水深度处理和同步获取产油微藻的可行性,建立光生物反应器,应用微拟球藻去除污水和中水中的氮磷,并分析不同浓度的Fe3+和Zn2+离子对微藻的生长和油脂积累的影响,从而在净化污水的同时培养微藻获得富油生物质。结果表明,该藻对污水氮磷具有较强的去除能力,可在13 d内,去除水体中96%的氨氮和94%的磷,同时化学需要氧量(COD)的去除率可达72.9%。在生活污水中培养至第16天,微藻的细胞密度可达4.55×106 cell/mL。Fe3+浓度对微拟球藻的生长具有显著影响(P6 cell/mL。该研究以中水和生活污水为基质培养微拟球藻,同时获取微藻油脂,为污水中氮磷的去除和能源的同步获取提供了新途径。