1株异养脱氮菌降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的研究

研究了异养脱氮菌Bacillus sp.LY降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEOs)的性能.结果表明,该菌株具有较强地降解NPEOs的能力,且在实现NPEOs降解去除的同时表现出一定的异养脱氮性能.降解14d后, Bacillus sp.LY对NPEOs去除率达95.6%,对体系中的总氮去除率为43.9%.该菌株对NPEOs的降解去除符合一级动力学特征,其降解速率常数为0.224d-1.该菌株通过无氧化过程的乙氧基链的逐渐缩短的途径降解去除NPEOs,可避免产生危害性更大的NPEOs的羧酸化产物(NPECs).在分别以氨态氮(NH4C1)、硝态氮(NaNO3)和亚硝态氮(NaNO2)3种不同氮素为氮源的条件下,菌株对NPEOs均具有一定的降解效果,其中以氨态氮为氮源时菌株对NPEOs降解效果最好.研究结果可为消除壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚与氮素复合污染提供理论依据.     

A bioaugmentation failure caused by phage infection and weak biofilm formation ability

Two biological aerated filters (BAF) were setup for ammonia removal treatment of the circulation water in a marine aquaculture. One of the BAFs was bioaugmented with a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, Lutimonas sp. H10, where the ammonia removal was not improved and the massive inoculation was even followed by a nitrification breakdown from day 9 to 18. The nitrification was remained stable in control BAF operated under the same conditions. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted probes and cultivable method revealed that Lutimonas sp. H10 almost disappeared from the bioaugomented BAF within 3 d, and this was mainly due to the infection of a specific phage as revealed by flask experiment, plaque assay and transmission electron observation. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries showed that bacterial groups from two reactors evolved di erently and an overgrowth of protozoa was observed in the bioaugmented BAF. Therefore, phage infection and poor biofilm forming ability of the inoculated strain are the main reasons for bioaugmentation failure. In addition, grazing by protozoa of the bacteria might be the reason for the nitrification breakdown in bioaugmented BAF during day 9–18.     

Isolation of Cr(VI) reducing bacteria from industrial e uents and their potential use in bioremediation of chromium containing wastewater

The present study is aimed at assessing the ability of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and Staphylococcus capitis to reduce hexavalent chromium into its trivalent form.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (4800 μg/mL) and S.capitis could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (2800 μg/mL).Both organisms were able to resist Cd2+ (50 μg/mL),Cu2+ (200 μg/mL),Pb2+ (800 μg/mL),Hg2+ (50 μg/mL) and Ni2+ (4000 μg/mL).S.capitis resisted Zn2+ at 700 μg/mL while Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 only showed resistance up to 50 μg/mL.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed optimum growth at pH 6 and 7,respectively,while both bacteria showed optimum growth at 37℃.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis could reduce 85% and 81% of hexavalent chromium from the medium after 96 h and were also capable of reducing hexavalent chromium 86% and 89%,respectively,from the industrial effluents after 144 h.Cell free extracts of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed reduction of 83% and 70% at concentration of 10 μg Cr(Ⅵ)/mL,respectively.The presence of an induced protein having molecular weight around 25 kDa in the presence of chromium points out a possible role of this protein in chromium reduction.The bacterial isolates can be exploited for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium containing wastes,since they seem to have the potential to reduce the toxic hexavalent form to its nontoxic trivalent form.     

直接大红4BE染料吸附脱色真菌的分离及特性研究

通过梯度富集培养,筛选到一株偶氮染料直接大红4BE吸附脱色真菌HS-DY08,该菌在基础培养基中,30℃、150r/min条件下,24h内对浓度为30mg/L的直接大红4BE的吸附脱色率达92%。脱色液动态扫描结果显示,随着HS-DY08菌株对染料的吸附脱色降解,直接大红4BE的吸收峰(526nm)明显降低,中间产物(325nm)的吸收峰逐渐升高,且染料吸附过程中菌体生长量增加,表明菌株对染料的吸附脱色过程中伴随着对染料的生物降解和利用。不同的共基质底物对直接大红4BE吸附脱色能力的促进作用依次为:PDB>葡萄糖>蛋白胨>NH4Cl。结合形态特征及显微观察结果,初步鉴定HS-DY08为青霉属(Pemnicillium sp.)。     

一株好氧反硝化菌的反硝化性能研究

从长期运行的生物滤塔中筛选出一株好氧反硝化菌株A1,经鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida。文章目的是对A1的反硝化特性进行研究,结果表明A1菌株在好氧条件下能有效去除培养液中的硝酸盐氮,24h脱氮率可达到94.84%。C/N对菌株A1的好氧反硝化能力有很大影响,当C/N>5时,基本能够进行完全的反硝化。和其他已报道的好氧反硝化菌相比,A1菌株有着更高的氧耐受浓度。菌株A1能够以硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐和氧气为电子受体进行协同呼吸,硝酸盐呼吸和亚硝酸盐呼吸都具有较高的脱氮效率,并且亚硝酸盐呼吸要较硝酸盐呼吸更容易进行。以丁二酸盐、葡萄糖和乙酸盐作为碳源时,其脱氮效果均要明显好于乙醇作为碳源。     

一株高效十四烷降解菌的筛选及降解条件优化

采集某炼油厂废水处理车间的回流污泥,以十四烷作为唯一碳源筛选分离到一株高效十四烷降解菌。经形态学观察和生理生化特征研究,鉴定为布兰汉氏球菌(Branhamella sp.)。对其降解十四烷的条件进行了优化,实验结果表明,最适降解条件为接种量0.5%,温度35℃,初始pH=7,碳氮摩尔比为0.4:1,在最佳条件下,当十四烷的初始浓度约为50mg/L时,在12h内降解率高达98%以上。     

硝基苯污染底质的微生物强化修复研究

采用从污染底质中分离出的可降解硝基苯的恶臭假单胞菌,对硝基苯污染底质的微生物强化修复进行了实验室和现场实验研究.该细菌在未灭菌的河水中可以硝基苯为唯一碳源生长,低温条件下(5℃),对于100g的含有11.8mg/kg硝基苯的污染底质,投加2mL(107cells/mL)菌液可以在4d完全降解底质中的硝基苯,实现对污染底质的强化修复.该过程中无须投加额外的氮、磷及其他的营养盐,说明污染底质中含有足够的细菌生长所需的营养物质.在使用河水和底质的现场实验中,当底质和河水中的硝基苯初始浓度在7～8mg/kg,50～61mg/L之间时,投加硝基苯降解菌可使底质和河水中硝基苯的降解时间缩短了40h以上,河水中的硝基苯先于底质中的硝基苯被细菌所降解.     

金属离子对蒽、菲、芘生物降解过程的影响

对驯化筛选的多环芳烃(PAHs)高效降解菌CN4与CN2进行了深入研究,澄清了金属离子对其降解多环芳烃的作用,得出结论:对于CN2、CN4降解菌,Mn2+与常量Ca2+、Mg2+同时存在于降解体系中时,对蒽和菲降解起到明显促进作用。Cu2+和常量元素Ca2+、Mg2+混合对菲降解也起到促进作用,但没有Mn2+的促进作用明显。不加任何常量和微量金属元素离子的体系对蒽、菲、芘的降解作用仅次于含Mn2+的降解体系,加入Cu2+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Zn2+对CN2降解蒽、芘产生抑制作用,加入Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Zn2+对CN2降解菲产生促进作用。Mn2+主要是在降解过程中发挥作用的,外加不同浓度的Mn2+制备的菌悬液,对芘的降解作用基本没有差别。在制备菌悬液时加入Mn2+,菌体对Mn2+有富集作用,但Mn2+的存在与否并不影响菌体的生长繁殖状况。降解体系中加入Mn2+能够有效促进降解过程的进行,加入0.5 mmol/L的Mn2+对CN4菌株降解芘的促进作用最大,而在降解体系中一次性加入5.0 mmol/L的Mn2+则会对降解产生抑制作用。     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st...