富含黄铁矿的煤矸石中碳酸盐影响其风化淋溶性质的研究

富含黄铁矿的煤矸石在风化淋溶过程中，碳酸盐含量不仅控制其风化程度，而且控制淋溶液的酸度。风化淋溶实验结果表明，Ｆｅ的淋溶量主要受控于酸度，而Ｍｎ＾２＋与ＳＯ４＾２－的淋溶量主要取决于其风化程度。     

Sulfide oxidation in coal-mine dumps: Laboratory measurement of acidifying potential with H2O2 and its application to characterize spoil materials

A method for rapidly determining potential H⁺ production by sulfide oxidation with H₂O₂ in mine-spoil materials has been tested. Measuring pH 6 h after the addition of the H₂O₂ in a 1:20 sample-solution (w/v) ratio, seems to be an adequate period for most of the samples. The method was applied to spoil samples, being recommended as a measure of the potential of a material to acidify the environment, in the first steps of characterization of the tailing's materials. The same procedure after grinding can also indicate the inherent ability to neutralize the acidity. This will allow the selection of the most suitable materials to be mixed in the spoil with the sulfide-rich ones, facilitating the later field work.     

Assisted phytoremediation of mixed metal(loid)-polluted pyrite waste: effects of foliar and substrate IBA application on fodder radish

Exogenous application of plant-growth promoting substances may potentially improve phytoremediation of metal-polluted substrates by increasing shoot and root growth. In a pot-based study, fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) was grown in As-Zn-Cu-Co-Pb-contaminated pyrite waste, and treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) either by foliar spraying (10 mg L⁻¹), or by direct application of IBA to the substrate (0.1 and 1 mg kg⁻¹) in association, or not, with foliar spraying. With the exception of foliar spraying, IBA reduced above-ground biomass, whilst direct application of IBA to the substrate surface reduced root biomass (−59%). Trace element concentrations were generally increased, but removals (mg per plant) greatly reduced with IBA application, together with greater metal leaching from the substrate. It is concluded that, in our case, IBA had a negative effect on plant growth and phytoextraction of trace elements, possibly due to unsuitable root indoleacetic acid concentration following soil IBA application, the direct chelating effect of IBA and the low microbial activity in the pyrite waste affecting its breakdown.     

Trace elements and stable sulfur isotopes in plants of acid mine drainage area: Implications for revegetation of degraded land

The abundances of trace elements, a low pH of water and soil in areas impacted by the acid mine drainage (AMD) may cause an excessive uptake of potentially toxic elements and nutritional imbalances in plants. Metal-tolerant, native plants are used for revegetation of degraded mining areas. We established levels of selected trace elements and stable sulfur isotopes in the above-ground plant biomass collected in a mining area in south-central Poland. In 2016, 20 samples of the most common species were collected from sites with a different influence of acid mine drainage and analyzed for trace elements by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. On the basis of the results obtained in 2016, the most contaminated site was selected for a more detailed study, in which sulfur contents and stable sulfur isotope ratios were determined together with trace elements in 17 samples. The results confirmed that the plants native to the AMD area efficiently accumulated trace elements, especially As and rare earth elements. Mosses showed the highest content of trace elements, but exhibited the lowest concentrations of sulfur accompanied by the highest δ³⁴S values. It has been shown for the first time that stable sulfur isotope composition of AMD plants in south-central Poland is significantly depleted in the ³⁴S isotope showing an average δ³⁴S value of –10.5‰ in comparison with positive δ³⁴S values in local vegetation growing outside the AMD area and in local precipitation.