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61.
Biochar, carbonaceous material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has been demonstrated to have electron transfer property(associated with redox active groups and multi condensed aromatic moiety), and to be also involved in biogeochemical redox reactions. In this study, the enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1(MR-1) in the presence of biochars with different pyrolysis temperatures(300 to 800 °C) was investigated to understand how biochar interacts with Cr(VI) reducing bacteria ... 相似文献
62.
为解决废旧轮胎热解油颜色过深和存在异味而无法直接利用问题,文章采用活性炭对热解油吸附脱色工艺,将液相中含有的杂质、色素、异味等舍弃物吸附于活性炭表面上,以达到精致的目的。试验表明:热解油活性炭吸附脱色技术的最佳工艺条件为炭粒度550~1 700μm、脱色温度为室温、吸附时间为300 min、振荡频率为150 r/min。并证明了平2均孔径、中孔孔容积和中孔比表面积为26.4、0.307 m L/g和280 m/g的烟煤基活性炭对热解油具有很好的脱色能力。 相似文献
63.
Analysis of products from the pyrolysis and liquefaction of single plastics and waste plastic mixtures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Waste plastics in the form of two examples of real world municipal solid waste plastics and a simulated mixture of municipal waste plastics were pyrolysed and liquefied under moderate temperature and pressure in a batch autoclave reactor. In addition, the five main polymers which constitute the majority of plastics occurring in European municipal solid waste comprising, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride were also reacted. The plastics were reacted under both a nitrogen (pyrolysis) and hydrogen pressure (liquefaction) and the yield and composition of products are reported. The hydrocarbon gases produced were mainly methane, ethane, propane and lower concentrations of alkene gases. A mainly oil product was produced with the mixed plastic waste with significant concentrations of aromatic compounds, including single ring aromatic compounds. The composition of the oils and gases suggested that there was significant interaction of the plastics when they were pyrolysed and liquefied as a mixture compared to the results expected from reactions of the single plastics. 相似文献
64.
Removal of copper from aqueous solutions containing 100–1000 ppm, using different Indian bark species, was performed on laboratory scale. The percentage removal of metal ions depends on the solution pH, bark species and time. The efficiency of copper removal by the used raw barks increases with a rise of solution pH and reaches a maximum of about 65–78% around pH 4–5. However, the decontaminated aqueous solutions were colored due to the dissolution of soluble organic compounds contained in the raw bark. This increases the biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) of the solutions as well as the total organic carbon content (TOC). For this reason, raw bark should be treated either by chemical or biological means. Such treatment will allow the extraction of the soluble organic compounds and increase the chelating capacity and efficiency of the treated bark. Depending on the pH value, the chelating efficiency of treated barks is about 1.2–2.2 times that of the raw ones. Moreover, the retention capacity of the Indian treated bark varies from about 42–51 mg/g of dry bark. It is equal to or higher than that of common European species. About 1.8 mols of H3O+ are released, by the treated barks, for every mol of chelated copper ions. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show uniform distribution of metal ions throughout the copper saturated bark. Infra red (IR) spectra suggest that the copper ions are chelated to hydroxyl and/or carboxyl functional groups of organic compounds contained in the treated bark. It seems that the interaction of the copper ions with the bark follows a cation exchange mechanism. This hypothesis is supported by elution experiments that allow recovery of about 99% of the contained copper. The retention capacity of the treated bark is almost constant after five cycles of chelation–elution, suggesting that the ‘life time cycle' is sufficiently long for continuous industrial application. The spent copper loaded barks can either be incinerated or pyrolysed. It generates solids containing either ≈80% of CuO or ≈14% of Cu°, respectively. Such materials can be used either in the secondary or primary copper production, thus offering a friendly environmental solution of effluents' treatment. The suggested process can be used as an alternative to the classical technologies for effluent decontamination. It is also efficient for polishing effluents treated by other methods. 相似文献
65.
Yi Yang Xun Chen Dundun Wang Gang Cheng Dangzhen Lv 《International Journal of Green Energy》2019,16(5):378-385
In this study, the size of tobacco rob (TR) particle was considered as a major factor in determining the mass loss in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and product yield and composition at different reactor temperatures in the fixed-bed reactor. The TGA results showed that the conversion rate increased and the activation energy (ranged from 53.29 to 58.25 kJ/mol) decreased with a decrease in particle size. The experiments demonstrated that fuel gas yield (from 0.76 to 0.82 Nm3/kg at 900 °C) increased with a decrease in particle size while char and tar yield decreased. Smaller particle sizes resulted in higher H2 (25.68%) and CO (27.36%) contents. Minimizing the size of raw materials is an alternative method to improve the gas quality of TR pyrolysis. The increase of gas yield was attributed to the decomposition of char and tar vapor as temperature increased. 相似文献
66.
Cornelia Vasile Mihai Adrian Brebu Tammer Karayildirim Jale Yanik Hristea Darie 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(2):99-108
The increasing production of computers, the progress in their performance, and the shorter time between innovation and production
has led to increasing numbers of obsolete products. It has thus become necessary to recover some materials from old computers
and to protect the environment from a new type of pollution. Such recycling is difficult because of the diversity of polymeric
materials used, e.g., thermoplastics (polystyrene or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) and thermosets (epoxy resins), and the
relatively high levels of flame retardants (halogen- and nitrogen-containing compounds) added during production. Pyrolysis
seems to be a suitable way to recover materials and energy from such waste without component separation if an efficient method
for reducing toxic compounds can be applied. In this study, the pyrolysis of plastic and thermoset fractions (keyboards, casings,
printed circuit boards, and mixtures thereof) of used computers was studied by thermogravimetry and batch reactor pyrolysis.
The degradation products were separated into three fractions, solid, liquid, and gaseous, each of them being characterized
by suitable methods such as gas chromatography (GC-MSD, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection; GC-AED, gas chromatography-atomic
emission detection), infrared (FT-IR) and 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonanace) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. It has
been established that most of the halogens, nitrogen, and sulfur is concentrated in the residue. However, the elimination
of hazardous toxic compounds, mainly those containing bromine, is necessary before being able to safely use the pyrolysis
oils as fuels or in refinery or petrochemical industry flows. 相似文献
67.
68.
The distribution of lignin in sediment is a useful tool for tracing the transport of land-derived organic matter in an aquatic
environment. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) flash chemopyrolysis, or chemolysis followed by GC–MS analysis can be used
for evaluating the origin of organic carbon in sediments. TMAH chemopyrolysis or chemolysis of organic matter produces a myriad
of semi-volatile products. Among these products are methylated phenols which are an indirect measure of lignin in sediment.
In this study, total organic carbon, elemental carbon, and lignin were measured in Lake Mead sediments. This study indicates
that terrestrial runoff makes a contribution to Lake Mead sediments, and that this contribution is most apparent in sediment
that is close to the Las Vegas Wash. Two chemolysis methods (on-line and off-line) were examined and compared for detection
of lignin phenols. The results from these sediment cores indicate that comparable results can be obtained from the two approaches,
although detection levels are significantly lower for the off-line approach. 相似文献
69.
70.
Juan Hao Haifeng Wang Shuhe Chen Bin Cai Linhan Ge Wencheng Xia 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1763-1769
Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of printed circuit board scraps (PCBs), coal powder and their mixtures under nitrogen atmosphere. The experimental results show that there is a large difference between waste PCBs and coal powder in pyrolysis processing. The pyrolysis properties of the mixing samples are the result of interaction of the PCBs and coal powder, which is influenced by the content of mixture. The degree of pyrolysis and pyrolysis properties of the mixture are much better than that of the single component. The TG and the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of the PCBs mixed with coal powder move towards the high-temperature zone with increasing amount of coal powder and subsequently the DTG peak also becomes wider. The Coats–Redfern integral method was used to determine the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction mechanism with the different proportion of mixture. The gas of pyrolysis mainly composes of CO2, CO, H2O and some hydrocarbon. The bromide characteristic absorption peak has been detected obviously in the pyrolysis gas of PCBs. On the contrary, the absorption peak of the bromide is not obvious in pyrolysis gas of the PCBs samples adding 40% coal powder. 相似文献