黄土高原资源型城市文化娱乐业发展对经济转型的影响

经济转型是资源型城市实现高质量发展的关键。文化娱乐业作为经济增长新引擎,在资源型城市经济转型中起着重要作用。采用黄土高原资源型城市2010—2019年面板数据,在构建综合指数测度资源型城市经济转型成效的基础上,运用空间杜宾模型实证检验文化娱乐业对经济转型的作用。结果表明：文化娱乐业对经济转型的影响呈先抑制后促进的“U”型曲线,在文化娱乐业发展初期,文化娱乐业的过度发展不利于经济转型升级,当文化娱乐业密度跨过拐点（5.104个/万人）后,经济转型成效会随着文化娱乐业的发展而提升;文化娱乐业具有显著的空间溢出效应,可以有效促进邻近城市经济转型,且邻近城市经济转型的提高会带动本市经济转型。研究结果有望为黄土高原资源型城市高质量发展提供科学依据与决策支持。     

半干旱黄土丘陵区土壤结皮的地表水文效应

黄土高原广泛分布的土壤结皮对地表水文过程有重要影响.以定西黄土丘陵区安家沟小流域内的土壤结皮为研究对象,基于野外采样和水文模拟实验等技术,探讨不同土壤结皮类型对地表水文过程的影响.结果表明:①与裸地相比,有结皮覆盖的地表土壤容重较小,土壤持水能力显著增强,其增加幅度为裸地的1.4～1.9倍;②土壤结皮可有效拦截降雨,以苔藓结皮的拦截能力最强,其次为混生结皮和地衣结皮,无结皮覆盖的裸地抵御降雨冲击的能力最差;③模拟实验显示,土壤结皮能在一定程度上增加水分入渗速率及总入渗量.有结皮覆盖的平均地表入渗速率是裸地的近2倍,而其累计入渗总量也远远高于裸地.     

青藏高原湖泊水质变化及现状评价

为探讨青藏高原湖泊水质变化及现状,于2016年9—10月在青藏高原面上东北部G315沿线,中部S301、S302、S206沿线,南部G219、G318沿线及叶如藏布流域采集湖泊水样,通过实验最终得到33个湖泊水样数据,包括22个构造湖和11个冰湖;同时,分析了湖泊水化学指标浓度、水化学组成和湖水矿化度空间分布,并与20世纪90年代以前湖泊矿化度做对比,以揭示青藏高原近几十年湖泊水质变化及驱动因素,探讨青藏高原湖泊水质现状.结果显示:(1)青藏高原湖泊水化学指标浓度和水化学组成差异显著,构造湖水样水化学指标浓度远高于冰湖水样.按离子总量分类,22个构造湖有6个淡水湖、4个微咸水湖、1个咸水湖、11个盐湖;而11个冰湖均属于淡水湖;按湖水化学类型分类,22个构造湖有6个为Ca~(2+)(Mg~(2+))-SO_4~(2-)型湖泊,16个为Na~+(K~+)-Cl~-型湖泊,而11个冰湖均为Ca~(2+)(Mg~(2+))-SO_4~(2-)型湖泊.(2)青藏高原湖水矿化度时空差异显著,自高纬向低纬湖泊矿化度降低,与20世纪90年代前对比研究发现,青藏高原部分湖泊矿化度较90年代前降低,湖泊水体呈淡化趋势,可能与青藏高原地区气候变暖、降水量和冰川融水增加、蒸发减少有关.(3)由于受地理环境、气候条件及水化学特性的共同影响,青藏高原大部分构造湖pH值、TDS严重超标,其次有6个湖泊也受到F-的污染;冰湖水体受到Fe、Mn、Cr、Ni的污染较为严重,尤其重金属元素Cr、Ni超标极为严重,可能与人类活动有关.     

Seasonal and spatial distributions of euphotic zone and long-term variations in water transparency in a clear oligotrophic Lake Fuxian, China

To assess the seasonal and spatial variations and long-term trends in water optical properties in Lake Fuxian, investigations based on field work in four seasons and a long-term analysis of data from 1980 to 2014 were conducted. The results show that there was no significant variation in the euphotic depth(Z_(eu)) across the four seasons, and no significant correlations between Z_(eu) and potential influencing factors in seasons other than summer, suggesting that the water itself may be a major factor regulating the Z_(eu)in general. Nevertheless, significant differences in Z_(eu) between the north region(NR) and the south region(SR) were observed in all seasonal tests except spring. This finding relates to a higher abundance of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) in the NR due to runoff, especially in the rainy seasons(summer and autumn).CDOM and its terrigenous component had an important impact on Z_(eu)in summer, with the highest precipitation, and impacts from suspended solids and non-algal particles were also found in the NR in summer. The Secchi disk depth in the lake decreased clearly over the years,with significantly negative correlations with the increasing permanganate index and air temperature, implying that organic contaminants(CDOM and/or phytoplankton) are important regulators of water transparency. We estimate that the combined effects of climate warming and changes in land use and land cover are also indirect regulating factors. These findings should be considered in the protection of Lake Fuxian, owing to the importance of light penetration in aquatic ecosystems.     

Historical trends of PCBs and PBDEs as reconstructed in a lake sediment from southern Tibetan Plateau

High-altitude lake sediment can be used as a natural archive to reconstruct the history of pollutants. In this work, the temporal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) were determined using a high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometer(HRGC/HRMS) in an alpine lake sediment core collected from the southern Tibetan Plateau(TP) to examine whether the expected decreasing trends due to the implementation of the ...     

青藏高原清水河流域水化学特征分析

在野外实地调查的基础上,利用地球物理勘探、水化学分析等技术方法,对青藏高原融冻期内清水河源头上升泉的成因及清水河水化学类型进行了研究,初步探索了清水河流域河流、湖泊水化学特征的变化趋势。结果表明:清水河从源头至清水湖出口段河水的水化学类型由HCO3.Cl-Na.Ca型过渡为Cl.SO4-Na.Mg型;清水河中游的清水湖水化学类型为硫酸钠亚型,没有碳酸盐类型的水化学特征存在,表明清水湖正处于盐化浓缩阶段。     

Vertical distribution characteristics of soil mercury and its formation mechanism in permafrost regions: A case study of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Continuing permafrost degradation is increasing the risk of mercury(Hg) exposure in the permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP), but related studies are still limited, especially the ones on the detailed Hg migration processes in permafrost. The vertical distribution characteristics of soil Hg were investigated in three ecosystems in the Beiluhe area on the QTP, and its influencing factors and formation mechanism were investigated. The results indicate that the total soil mercury(...     

基于Sentinel-2A影像估算黄土高原光合/非光合植被盖度

以黄土高原为例,基于Sentinel-2A影像和地表实测地物光谱与盖度数据,分别在模拟混合场景和野外实测混合场景中,评估4种NPV植被指数(NPVI):SWIR32(短波红外比值指数)、DFI(干枯燃料指数)、STI(土壤耕作指数)和NDTI(归一化差异耕作指数)估算非光合植被盖度(f_NPV)的有效性,并利用优化法确定线性光谱混合模型的关键参数端元值,估算研究区光合植被盖度(f_PV)和f_NPV.结果表明,在模拟混合场景下,4种NPVI与模拟f_NPV线性关系的R²是0.365~0.750;在野外场景中,其相关性均有一定程度的降低,R²是0.147~0.211.研究构建NDVI-SWIR32像元三分模型,并确定了最优端元值:NDVI_PV=0.80,SWIR32_PV=0.60, NDVI_NPV=0.17,SWIR32_NPV=0.77,NDVI_BS=0.23,SWIR32_BS=0.99.模型对f_PV和f_NPV估算精度R²分别是0.817和0.463,NSE分别是0.806和0.458.利用该模型估算全区2019年4、8和12月的平均f_PV和f_NPV,分别为20.3%和59.2%,48.6%和33.1%,10.7%和59.0%.随时间推移,f_PV从东南向西北不断增加而后减小,f_NPV与之相反. NDVI-SWIR32模型可以用于Sentinel-2A影像数据来监测黄土高原地区f_PV和f_NPV的时空动态变化.     

Characteristics of organic phosphorus fractions in different trophic sediments of lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region and Southwestern Plateau, China

In this study, the characteristics of organic phosphorus (Po) fractions in sediments of six lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region and Southwestern China Plateau, China were investigated using a soil Po fractionation scheme, and the relationships between Po, inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and pollution status were also discussed. The results show that the rank order of Po fractions was: residual Po>HCl-Po>fulvic acid-P>humic acid-P>NaHCO3-Po, with their average relative proportion 8.7:4.6:3.2:2.1:1.0. Po fractions, especially nonlabile Po, were significantly correlated with organic matter, Po and NaOH-Pi. Different distribution patterns of P fractions were observed in those two different regions. Po fractions in the heavily polluted sediments were higher than those in moderately and no polluted sediments, it is suggested that Po should be paid more attention in the lake eutrophication investigation.     

基于Google Earth Engine分析黄土高原植被覆盖变化及原因

为探明黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化及其原因,基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）,采用Landsat Surface Reflectance data（陆地卫星地表反射率数据）分析了黄土高原1987~2015年间植被覆盖度的时空变化规律,并借助累积量斜率变化率方法对引起植被覆盖度变化的气候和人为因素进行了量化分析.结果表明：黄土高原年均植被覆盖度由1987年的41.78%增加到2015年的53.23%,增速为0.38%/a（P<0.05）.其中,1987~1999年年均植被覆盖度变化趋势不显著（P>0.05）;而退耕还林还草工程实施以来（2000~2015年）,年均植被覆盖度显著增加（P<0.05）,增速达到0.59%/a.由像元尺度分析,黄土高原72.93%的区域植被覆盖度呈增加趋势,其中38.31%的区域增加趋势显著（P<0.05）.植被覆盖度的变化受气候和人为因素的共同影响,以1987~1999年为基准期,气候变化和人类活动对黄土高原2000~2015年间植被覆盖度变化的相对贡献率分别为23.77%、76.23%,人类活动为引起黄土高原植被覆盖度变化的主要原因.退耕还林还草工程极大地改善了黄土高原的植被覆盖状况,但是城市的扩张使得部分地区的植被覆盖呈显著退化现象.